Background: Among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer cells are the increase in glucose consumption and the conversion of glucose to lactic acid via the reduction of pyruvate even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumour growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).

The GIQLI is a valuable instrument for measuring quality of life in patients with benign anorectal disorders. Although certain diseases do not seem to affect quality of life profoundly, certain subgroups of patients, most notably those with incontinence and severe constipation, are extremely compromised. Severely constipated individuals exhibit the same poor quality of life as patients with faecal incontinence.

Patients undergoing low anterior rectal resection and coloanal J pouch reconstruction may expect not only better functional results but also an improved quality of life in the early months after surgery compared with patients who receive a straight coloanal anastomosis.

Roux-en-Y pouch reconstruction after gastrectomy is simple to perform and safe. Long-term survivors benefit from pouch reconstruction. Therefore, a pouch is recommended for patients with a good prognosis.