The Helicity Injected Torus [T. R. Jarboe, Fusion Technol. 15, 7 (1989)] is a low aspect ratio tokamak that is formed and sustained by coaxial helicity injection with no transformer. Toroidal plasma currents of over 200 kA have been achieved with electron temperatures in the 100 eV range and electron density between 1019 and 1020 m−3. The major radius is 0.3 m and the minor radius is 0.2 m. New results from equilibrium and stability analysis of the external magnetic diagnostics and new results from the Transient Internal Probe (TIP), an internal magnetic field diagnostic, are presented. A mechanism for the transfer of current drive on the open to the closed flux regions is presented.
Three new results have been obtained with a recently developed camera of 10-psec framing time: (1) The effect of the finite speed of light in photographing relativistic objects is experimentally demonstrated, by photographing a dumbbell-like entity formed by two packets of light. In contrast to material objects, which, theory predicts, should appear rotated, the light dumbbell appears sheared. (2) Photographs of the mode-locked Nd: glass laser radiation show numerous subsidiary pulses accompanying the main ultrashort pulses in the train. The latter have durations ranging from 7 psec to 15 psec. (3) The technique of gated picture ranging, previously used with nanosecond pulses, is extended to the picosecond range where a resolution of 1 cm is demonstrated. Some potentially useful applications are proposed.
An automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. Ambient heat exchangers are used to power an engine that is configured to maximize heat transfer during the expansion stroke. If sufficient heat input during the expansion process can be realized then this cryogenic propulsive system would provide greater automotive ranges and lower operating costs than those of electric vehicles currently being considered for mass production.The feasibility of meeting this engineering challenge has been evaluated and several means of achieving quasi-isothermal expansion are discussed.
ABSTRACTAn automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. Ambient heat exchangers are used to power an engine that is configured to maximize heat transfer during the expansion stroke. If sufficient heat input during the expansion process can be realized then this cryogenic propulsive system would provide greater automotive ranges and lower operating costs than those of electric vehicles currently being considered for mass production.The feasibility of meeting this engineering challenge has been evaluated and several means of achieving quasi-isothermal expansion are discussed.
This investigation of the use of cryogens as energy storage media for zero emission vehicles has found that using liquid nitrogen to liquefy the working fluids of one or more closed Rankine power cycles can be an effective means for increasing motive power. System configurations are presented which can realize a specific energy greater than 400 kJ/kg-LN 2 (110 W-hr/kg-LN 2 ) without relying on isothermal expanders. A zero emission vehicle utilizing such a propulsion system would have an energy storage reservoir that can be refilled in a matter of minutes and a range comparable to that of a conventional automobile.
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