This paper presents the main findings of a field survey conducted in the United Kingdom into the human response to vibration in residential environments. The main aim of this study was to derive exposure-response relationships for annoyance due to vibration from environmental sources. The sources of vibration considered in this paper are railway and construction activity. Annoyance data were collected using questionnaires conducted face-to-face with residents in their own homes. Questionnaires were completed with residents exposed to railway induced vibration (N = 931) and vibration from the construction of a light rail system (N = 350). Measurements of vibration were conducted at internal and external positions from which estimates of 24-h vibration exposure were derived for 1073 of the case studies. Sixty different vibration exposure descriptors along with 6 different frequency weightings were assessed as potential predictors of annoyance. Of the exposure descriptors considered, none were found to be a better predictor of annoyance than any other. However, use of relevant frequency weightings was found to improve correlation between vibration exposure and annoyance. A unified exposure-response relationship could not be derived due to differences in response to the two sources so separate relationships are presented for each source.

Knowledge management (KM) is popular within the engineering industry. With increasing investment in KM projects, companies are looking for ways to justify their effort. This research develops a framework to assess the contribution of KM solutions within a business against its corporate objectives. The framework uses a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) as lead indicators. The lead indicators are developed in line with the lag indicators at the strategic level. A number of templates is developed to implement the framework within a company. A real life case study is presented where the templates are used to identify KPIs for a manufacturing solution. The paper also gives guidelines on using the templates effectively.

In many countries, primary care informatics has developed to the point that it is recognised as an important enabler of quality improvement; this has not occurred to date in the United States. With this conference, we aimed to build an international consensus as to whether primary care has unique characteristics that require an informatics subspecialty; and, if so, to establish the role of primary care informatics in improving patient care, and to enable its recognition in the national strategy. The conference was organised by the primary care informatics working groups of AMIA, EFMI, IMIA and Wonca and took place at Medinfo 2004 in San Francisco. It consisted of two plenary lectures, two small-group work sessions and a panel discussion to summarise the day. It was attended by

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Making sense of tenant participatio

Housing associations are the main providers of social housing within the UK and a major force in area regeneration initiatives. They also have a pivotal role to play in promoting equality of opportunity since a large proportion of their clients are from black and minority ethnic (BME) communities. However, few housing associations have recognized the potential of their purchasing power in terms of investment in construction and maintenance work in promoting equality or the business benefits of doing so. This paper presents the research findings of a study of housing associations' contracting practices in London. The study aimed to highlight and document current practices in the employment of BME contractors and consultants and identify the equal opportunity issues associated with their engagement. The findings suggest that there is a general lack of appreciation among housing associations of the importance of employing BME contractors and consultants from both an equal opportunity and a business perspective. In view of the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 and government guidance on equal opportunities, the housing association sector has still to fully recognize its influential role in this area.Equality, construction, housing, ethnic and minorities,

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This paper builds on previous work on resident participation and the mediation of housing policy at the residential level. The paper reviews different types of residential mediation arrangement, that is, types of arrangement whereby residents become more at home in their living environments, associated with an increase in social control over those environments. After examining evidence from a number of countries, in particular the UK and Sweden, the authors conclude that five types can be distinguished: marketized arrangements, personalized arrangements, partnerships, and forms of representative and cooperative resident management. These arrangements differ from one another with regard to their empowerment effects, the bias in the vertical direction of power flow within them, their effects on residents' independence, the range over which their effects are mediated, the inclusionary or exclusionary bias of their organizational structures, and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of their social contexts. The authors attempt to make sense of this complexity of variation by viewing the arrangements against the background of formal and informal social relations in the local areas where the arrangements are formed. It is argued that the literature on community and area regeneration can be used to throw some light on the causal mechanisms involved. Finally, the authors suggest that the whole constitution of community and of residential mediation arrangements can be understood in terms of the development of phenomenological forms of privacy, identity and familiarit