Chitosan is a naturally available biopolymer. It has been prepared by alkaline N-deacetylation process of shrimp (Crangon crangon) chitin and fish (Labeorohita) chitin. The physico-chemical properties such as the degree of deacetylation (DD), solubility, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity and chitosan yield have indicated that shrimp shell and fish scale waste are good sources of chitosan. The deacetylation value of shrimp shell chitosan, fish scales and commercial chitosan was found to be 76, 80 and 84%, respectively. The crystalline index (CrI) of fish and shrimp shell was 84 and 82%. Fat binding capacity of fish chitosan, shrimp chitosan and commercial chitosan was found to be 226, 246 and 446%, respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra presented a detailed structure of α-chitin with O-H, N-H and CO stretching movements. Structural differences between shrimp chitosan and fish chitosan were studied by using FTIR, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Xray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra were used to determine the chitosan degree of deacetylation (DD). Characteristic properties of extracted chitosan were found to depend upon the source of origin and degree of deacetylation.
Contamination of the aqueous environment by heavy metals and due to the discharge of metal containing effluents into the water bodies is one of the environmental issues of the century. Thus, in this work, the main concern has been the preparation of chitin and chitosan from the raw materials of shrimp shells and the characterization of the prepared chitosan by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The work was then shifted to investigate the potentiality of Cr +6 adsorption with the prepared chitosan. The controlled parameters of adsorption process were studied. The percentage of Cr +6 removal using the shrimp chitosan was 64.29%.
Solid waste management is one of the important areas focused by several researchers as it reduces environmental degradation, and offers useful or value added products. Fishery waste is significantly available in coastal areas and food processing industries which are a threat to the environment. Reuse or recycling is a better option to reduce the disposal of fishery waste. In this study, two different fishery wastes were investigated for their use for waste water treatment application. Chitosan was prepared from fishery and shrimp wastes by alkaline N-deacetylation process. Further Chitosan was characterised by the Fourier transform infra red analyser (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Viscosity-molecular weight. The FTIR results showed a more detailed structure of α-chitin in the region of O-H, N-H and CO stretching region. The FTIR spectrum was used to determine the chitosan degree of acetylation (DA).
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