The purpose of this research was to study the growth rate of pigs at different stages of fattening and the dependence of this parameter on the methods of final disinfection of premises in industrial pig farms. The final disinfection of the premises has been performed with using a highpressure cleaner (wet method) and a hot fogger (aerosol method). In order to measure the growth rate individual weighing of animals has been performed when the start stage, after 30, 60 and 90 days. The researches have been carried out on the basis of the pig-breeding farm APC Mashkino (village of Industria) on 52 heads pigs of French selection, the age of which was 73 days when staged. Animals of the control group during the fattening period have been housed in the premise prepared according to the technology established in the farm (final disinfection was performed using a high-pressure cleaner). Animals of the experimental group entered the premise the final disinfection in which was performed by aerosol method (using the hot fog generator). The working solution of the disinfectant has been prepared according to the instruction the concentration of the working solution was in accordance with the chosen method of final disinfection of the premises. It has been found aerosol method of final disinfection to increase average daily gain in the first fattening period (0–30 days) by 132 g/day, live weight by 7.84 kg. During the fattening period the growth rate of pigs changed unevenly. The fi rst (0–30 days) and the second (30–60 days) fattening stages have been characterized by the increase in the average daily gain, at the third (60–90 days) stage the decrease in the growth rate has been observed. It has been found according to the researches the use of aerosols for final disinfection have the positive influence on the growth rate of pigs during the first fattening period.
Purpose: to determine the potential of the Russian subpopulation of the Holstein breed in relation to selection by loci of beta-and kappa-casein.Materials and methods. For loci CSN2 and CSN3, 1,539 Holstein cattle were genotyped, including 1,242 cows and heifers and 297 sires, and information on CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes of 297 US bulls was analyzed (World Wide Sires, Ltd).Results. It has been established that in the last two years there has been an increase in the percentage of sires in WWS with CSN2 genotypes A2A2 and CSN3 genotypes BB. Thus, sires allele frequency in the 2019 catalog was 0.51 and 0.29, respectively; and in the 2021 catalog was 0.68 and 0.31, respectively.Genotyped sires of domestic breeding organizations, which are mostly foreign origin, were characterized by predominance of the A2 allele CSN2; in this group the frequency of the allele was 0.63. However, the CSN3 B allele in the group of sires belonging to domestic organizations was found with a frequency of 0.34, which is 1.6 times lower than that of sires of American origin.In the genotyped group of Holstein cows and heifers (n = 1242) belonging to 3 large farms in the Krasnodar Krai, the gene frequency CSN2 allele A2 was minimal (0.57), and the CSN3 allele B (0.40) was higher than the allele frequency in the sires group of domestic breeding enterprises.Conclusion. At present, Russian breeding enterprises and farms are lagging behind in these indicators, however, by conducting targeted selection in accordance with the indicated trend, by selecting the appropriate breeding bulls, it is possible in the next generation to increase the proportion of animals carrying valuable genotypes.
It is important for industrial pig breeding to maintain a high level of animal productivity and preserve their health through the use of modern technologies and equipment for disinfection and treatment of premises, including in the presence of animals. The purpose of the research was to identify the most effective combinations of methods and modes of sanitary treatment of premises that contribute to the maximum manifestation of fattening and meat traits of pigs, preserving their health under the conditions of industrial pork production. The object of research was hybrid young pigs obtained from industrial crossbreeding of three breeds (Large White, Landrace, Pietren). It has been found as the result of the conducted investigations that the combination of the aerosol method of disinfection of livestock premises with additional aerosol air treatment during the fattening of young pigs contributes to the growth of its livability, improvement of fattening traits and increase in the efficiency of fattening. The daily consumption of animal feed during the fattening period does not depend on the method of disinfection of premises before they are put on fattening, but increases with the multiplicity of additional sanitary treatments, however, feed expenditures per 1 kg of increase have been reduced with wet disinfection from 3,10 to 2,83 kg, with aerosol disinfection from 3,10 to 2,59 kg. The biggest economic effectiveness of fattening has been noted when combining different methods of disinfection with the two-time regime of additional sanitary treatment of premises during the fattening period at the profitability level of 32,5 and 32,8 %.
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