The paper reports our recent development of an objective evaluation system for characterizing textural changes in knitted fabrics during simulated wear. The textural changes under investigation are categorized into three aspects—pilling, fuzzing, and changes in the constituent yams. Three-dimensional profiles of knitted fabrics are obtained by scanning the fabric surfaces using a laser triangulation technique. Two-dimensional Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis are introduced as new analytical tools for objec tively evaluating surface textural changes. Fourteen quantitative parameters are investi gated for their correlation with subjective assessments and the appropriate ones are selected to characterize textural changes.
This paper is concerned with the prediction of goniophotometric curves (distribution curves of specularly reflected light) based on our mathematical model developed earlier for single-jersey knitted fabrics made from monofilament yarns. The theory is extended to include fabrics from multifilament yarns. Four physical and optical parameters related to the fabric and the light source are investigated: fiber refractive index, yarn cross section, incident light angle, and fiber ellipticity. Their effects on the goniophotometric curves and luster index of knitted fabrics are determined. In addition, the great difference is high lighted between light reflected from knitted fabrics and light received by the goniopho tometer.
A mathematical model prediction the distribution curves of the specular reflection light (goniophotometric curves) of single-jersey knitted fabrics is proposed. The model is based on Nihira et. al.'s approach treating the knitted yarn with a two dimensional feature. Hence the relationship between yarn/fabric structure and their light reflection properties can be examined in terms of fiber refractive index, yarn/fiber cross-section , knitting angle and incident light angle. Experimental verification of the model revealed a fair agreement between the predicted and measured curves. Disagreement has mainly concentrated in the regions of the initial and end receiving angles.
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