The present investigation was carried out during 2009-2010 to monitor the changes in maturity indices i.e total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, humic substances and humification index during conventional method of composting and vermicomposting of different organic residues i.e sugarcane trash, weeds, vegetable market waste and paddy straw. The results revealed that the total organic carbon and C/N ratio decreased while total nitrogen and humic substances increased with the passage of time during composting in all the organic residues. Vegetable market waste recorded narrow C/N ratio with high total nitrogen content in both the composting methods. Where paddy straw recorded less nitrogen with wide C/N ratio. The highest humic substances were observed in vegetable market waste vermicompost followed by weed vermicompost. Minimum per cent of humic substances were recorded with cane trash and rice straw. A well known index for humification is the HA/FA ratio, in both the composts paddy straw compost recorded low ratio and high ratio was recorded in vegetable market waste compost. Thus, vermicomposting offers a promising solution for the recycling of organic wastes into valuable organic manure within a short period of time over conventional composting.
This paper is a part of the first author's Ph.D. (Ag.) thesis entitled "Carbon sequestration and soil health under long term soil fertility management in rice-rice cropping system", submitted to Acharya N.G.
A field experiment was carried out during the Kharif, 2016 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru to study the Response of applied neem coated urea (NCU) on nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L) in low land rice ecosystem of Godavari delta, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments namely i.e. 100 % PU (3 equal splits as basal, tillering and PI stage), 75 % NCU (3 equal splits splits as basal, tillering and PI stage), 100 % NCU (3 equal splits as basal, tillering and PI stage), 125 % NCU (3 equal splits splits as basal, tillering and PI stage), 100 % NCU (as basal), 100 % NCU (2 splits as 50 % basal and 50% max. tillering stage) 100 % NCU (2 splits 75% as basal and 25% at maximum tillering stage) and Control (No P60 K40).
K e y w o r d sNitrogen use efficiency, Neem coated urea and Rice yields
To enhance productivity, alleviate environmental and management constraints and enhance farmers' income in the rice, new approaches that are labour-saving, more productive and sustainable need to be developed. Experiment was formulated to know the impact/influence of different rice establishment methods and different levels of nitrogen application on soil and crop productivity of rice. Results revealed that, among different rice establishment systems, machine transplanting recorded significantly higher yields followed by SRI method. Lowest yields were recorded in dry seed broadcasting method. With increasing nitrogen levels, yields were increased in all the systems and further enhancement of rice yields were observed with potassium nitrate foliar spray along with chemical fertilizers. Soil enzyme activity particularly urease and dehydrogenase was significantly high under normal planting and SRI method of planting, respectively and lowest enzyme activities were recorded in broadcasting of dry seed. Soil organic carbon content also followed the same trend as like enzyme activity. With regard to soil nutrient status, significant differences were not observed in phosphorus and potassium, however available nitrogen status was increased with increasing fertilizer levels and among different methods, drum seeding recorded highest status (286 kg ha-1).
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