Influence of different rice establishment methods and nutrient levels on soil enzyme activity, nutrient status and grain yield of rice in North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

To enhance productivity, alleviate environmental and management constraints and enhance farmers' income in the rice, new approaches that are labour-saving, more productive and sustainable need to be developed. Experiment was formulated to know the impact/influence of different rice establishment methods and different levels of nitrogen application on soil and crop productivity of rice. Results revealed that, among different rice establishment systems, machine transplanting recorded significantly higher yields followed by SRI method. Lowest yields were recorded in dry seed broadcasting method. With increasing nitrogen levels, yields were increased in all the systems and further enhancement of rice yields were observed with potassium nitrate foliar spray along with chemical fertilizers. Soil enzyme activity particularly urease and dehydrogenase was significantly high under normal planting and SRI method of planting, respectively and lowest enzyme activities were recorded in broadcasting of dry seed. Soil organic carbon content also followed the same trend as like enzyme activity. With regard to soil nutrient status, significant differences were not observed in phosphorus and potassium, however available nitrogen status was increased with increasing fertilizer levels and among different methods, drum seeding recorded highest status (286 kg ha-1).

Multi-criteria assessment to screen climate smart rice establishment techniques in coastal rice production system of India

“…Continuous submerged soils had higher dehydrogenase activity than soils with alternately wet and dry. Low ODR was shown to be favorable for dehydrogenase activities in soil in previous studies (Wolinśka and Bennicelli, 2010;Lakshmi et al, 2019).…”

“…Anoxic flooding condition favored methanogenic archaea activities over alternate wetting and drying condition, whereas a reverse trend occurred in denitrifier’s activity ( Lagomarsino et al., 2016 ). In SRI technique, organic manure was added to soil during land preparation, which could have improved microbial and enzyme activities ( Lakshmi et al., 2019 ). The urease activity was higher under AWD condition as compared to CF, which could be referred to a decrease in oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) value ( Naher et al., 2021 ).…”

Root Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity Influenced by Aerobic, System of Rice Intensification and Conventional Method of Irrigation in Rice

“…In the SRI method, a healthy soil ecosystem has abundant plant nutrients, which develop plant root biomass, are more favourable for the growth of the microbial population for greater enzyme synthesis and also increase the availability of nitrogen. The soil enzyme activity decreased in aerobic method of rice cultivation may be caused by an unfavourable soil environment that prevents Root Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity Influenced by Aerobic, System of Rice Intensification and Conventional... the growth of soil microorganisms, which in turn lowers soil enzymes activity (Lakshmi et al, 2019;Midya et al, 2021;Doni et al, 2022). Kavitha et al (2010) revealed that SRI system improves soil aeration and boosts microbial population counts, which raises the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase.…”

Effect of organic manure and zero budget technique on soil fertility and productivity of sugarcane plant and ratoon crop

“…It is grown on roughly 26.27 million hectares (M ha) of land in about 109 countries, yielding 1.91 billion tons (b t) of sugarcane globally (FAO STAT, 2020). Mono cropping system, intensive cultivation, utilization of high yielding varieties, exclusive use of chemical fertilizers and unavailability of organic manure leads to depletion of soil health and also creates imbalance in the composition as well as availability of micronutrients (Rama Lakshmi et al 2011). Further, indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides has deteriorated the quality of agriculture products with declining yield.…”