Introduction: The mandible is the strongest bone in the human body and persists in a wellpreserved state longer than any other bone. One of mandibular characteristic that can prove very helpful for age and gender determination is mental foramen. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic position of mental foramen in relation to anatomical structures in different age groups in some male and female Egyptians. Subjects and Methods: The study group comprised a total of 200 patients; 100 males (aging from 8.7 to 66.0 years old) and 100 females (aging from 8.4 to 66.5 years old), attending the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, Al Azhar University, in Cairo, and required panoramic radiography for various dental treatments. The study population was divided into five age groups; 8-12 years, 13-17 years, 18-30 years, 31-50 years, and 51-70 years. On panoramic radiographs, the following parameters were measured; MF-ML: distance from mental foramen to the midline, MF-ABC: distance from mental foramen to the alveolar bone crest, MF-BM: distance from mental foramen to the base of mandible. These measurements were compared between different age groups and both sexes. Results: The results indicated that the mean values of the distance between mental foramen and the midline (MF-ML), the alveolar bone crest (MF-ABC) and the base of mandible (MF-BM) increase in a significant accelerating manner in children, become stable after the age of 18 and after the age of 50 the mental foramen becomes closer to the alveolar crest. As regards sex difference, males showed higher mean values than females in all measurements in all age groups except in the age group (8-12) years. Conclusion: This study concluded that the position of mental foramen varies with age, and there is a gender related variation in its position. Using mental foramen position measurements may be helpful to predict age and sex on panoramic radiographs for Egyptians. Recommendation: Further research and studies are needed with extensive and large number of samples from different districts of Egypt, in order to accurate assessment of position of mental foramen in Egyptians that would help in establishing its role in forensic applications.
Purpose:The aim of the study was to analyze and assess the different dimensions of the major mandibular land marks using CBCT and also to analyze whether these parameters can be used in sexual dimorphism for forensic identification. Material and methods: retrospective study: included 102 patients (51 males and 51 females), with age group ranging between 20 and 50 years obtained from the outpatient, department of oral medicine, periodontology, oral diagnosis and radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University. Patients were divided into groups and sub groups according to gender and age. CBCT scan was performed on all the patients, and the data obtained were reconstructed for 3D viewing. After obtaining 3D-CT scan, a total of twelve mandibular measurements, i.e., (Rt, Lt) gonial angle (G-angle), bimental breadth, bigonial width, bicondylar breadth (BIC-Br), and bicoroniod breadth, Rt, Lt mental index, (Rt, Lt) height of mandible from mental foramen, maximum mandibular length were measured and mandibular index calculated; collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis program by Student's t-test. Results: The result of the study showed that out of nine parameters, Rt gonial angle, Rt mental index, Rt and Lt height of mandible from mental foramen, bigonial width, bicondylar breadth, bicoroniod breadth, maximum mandibular length and mandibular index showed a significant statistical difference (P < 0.05), with overall accuracy of 83.7% for males and 81.3% for females. Conclusion: Mandibular parameters obtained through CBCT can aid in sex identification with much higher accuracy.
To determine whether antim€ ullerian hormone (AMH) predicts good quality supernumerary blastocyst cryopreservation.DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, fresh IVF cycles (n¼247) from two fertility ceneters, grouped as follows: women < 35 years with AMH < 1 ng/mL (n¼40) or AMH R 1 ng/mL (n¼77); women R 35 years with AMH < 1 ng/mL (n¼62) or AMH R 1 ng/mL (n¼68). AMH level was measured prior to IVF. Ovarian stimulation protocols based on patient age and AMH level included short Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist, GnRH antagonist, or GnRH agonist microdose flare. Supernumerary good quality blastocysts were cryopreserved on days 5 or 6 post-retrieval. Primary outcomes measure was supernumerary good quality blastocyst cryopreservation in relation to AMH levels. Logistic regression was used for statistical analyses.RESULTS: Among women < 35 years of age, there was a significant difference in supernumerary good quality blastocyst cryopreservation between groups of AMH < 1 ng/mL and AMH R 1 ng/mL (30.0 % vs 58.4 %) when adjusted for age. Among women R 35 years of age, there was a significant difference in supernumerary good quality blastocyst cryopreservation between groups of AMH < 1 ng/mL and AMH R 1 ng/mL (16.1 % vs 42.6 %), when adjusted for age.CONCLUSIONS: Low AMH levels are associated with a significantly lower likelihood of blastocyst cryopreservation as compared to higher AMH levels. This effect was seen among women < 35 years of age and those R 35 years of age. Patient counseling should include realistic expectations for the probability of good quality supernumerary blastocyst cryopreservation.
The need to estimate the age of living individuals becomes more frequent, because of the increasing number of immigrants (illegal or otherwise) without acceptable identification documents and with missing or uncertain birth dates. In the recent years, evaluation of cervical vertebrae has been increasingly used to determine skeletal maturation. Aim:The aim of this study was to establish two new formulae for objectively evaluatingskeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae inmale and female Egyptianchildren usinglateral cephalometric radiographs. Methods: The cases were selected from patients attending the clinics of the Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, Al Azhar University, in Cairo. They were assessed into two groups. The first groupincluded 100 children; 50 males (aging from 8.45 to 15.75 years oldwith a mean age of12.41years) and 50 females (aging from 8.2 to 15.5 years oldwith a mean age of 11.9 years). The cervical vertebral bodies of C3 and C4were traced and measured.Regression formulae were developed to determinecervical vertebral bone age. The second group of lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 50 children; 25 males (aging from 8.25 to 15.85 years old with a mean age of 11.7 years) and 25 females (aging from 8.5 to 15.65 years old with a mean age of 12.12years) was used to verify the reliabilityof these developed regression formulae.Results:The results indicated that there was a statistical significant positive correlation between estimated cervical vertebral bone age (CVBA) and chronological age (r = 0.976 in males and 0.931 in females). Also there was a statistical significant positive correlation between estimated cervical vertebral bone age (CVBA) and estimated hand bone age (HBA) (r = 0.960 in males and 0.942 in females). Conclusion: These results suggest that cervical vertebral bone age reflects skeletal maturity because it approximates hand bone age, which is considered to be the most reliable method for evaluating skeletal maturation. Using cervical vertebral bone age may be helpful to estimate age in a detailed and objective manner on cephalometric radiographsforEgyptian children.
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