The regulation of thyroid hormone receptor Α1 (TRΑ1) mRNA by hydrocortisone (HC), thyroid hormone (T3) and retinoic acid (RA) has been studied in mixed and neuronal primary cultures of cells dissociated from fetal rat cerebra. Steady-state levels of TRΑ1 mRNA were increased as much as 5-fold at 13 days of development by 0.3 µM HC in both mixed and neuronal-enriched cultures. The regulation of TRΑ1 mRNA by HC appears to be mainly limited to neurons. This conclusion is based on two observations. First, stimulation by HC occurs in cultures highly enriched in neurons at approximately the same time and extent as that seen in mixed-cell cultures (containing neurons, oligodendroglia and astroglia). Second, the stimulation reaches a peak at 13 days in mixed-cell cultures, an age at which neurons but not glia differentiate.
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