The pronghorn spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus is a highly valuable species which is widely distributed in Indo-West Pacific and Eastern Pacific regions. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (566–571 bp) were determined to investigate the population genetic structure of this species in the Indian Ocean. In total, 236 adult individuals of Panulirus penicillatus were collected from five locations in the Indian Ocean region. Almost all individuals had a unique haplotype. Intrapopulation haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities were high for each locality, ranging from h = 0.9986–1.0000 and π = 0.031593–0.043441. We observed distinct genetic isolation of population located at the northwestern and southwestern edge of the species range. Gene flow was found within localities in the central and eastern region of the Indian Ocean, probably resulting from an extended planktonic larval stage and prevailing ocean currents.
The e¡ects of several feeding frequencies of two, three and four times per day on Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer growth performance have been tested. Fish were reared under ambient Red Sea water conditions; these ¢sh were fed diets containing 48% crude protein for 45 days. The present study was carried out at the Faculty of Marine Science (Abhor branch). The results show that ¢sh population fed twice daily had signi¢cantly better growth with a mean body weight and daily weight increment of 59.04 and 1.31g, respectively (Po0.05), than the other population fed three or four times daily. No signi¢cant di¡erences were observed between ¢sh fed two and three times daily in length gain and daily length increment. Growth in weight and length was increased gradually and no mortality was observed during the experimental period. In all the feeding trials, the body weight increased with an increase in length (R 2 50.87 and 0.90). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was signi¢cantly a¡ected by feeding frequencies, with a signi¢cantly better FCR value of 2.43 in ¢sh fed twice daily (Po0.05) compared with the other two populations fed three and four times daily. These results led to the conclusion that feeding two times daily would result in better growth and utilization of feed for the Asian sea bass L. calcarifer juvenile.
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