From 1540 inelastic interactions of 3.7 A GeV 16O projectile with emulsion nuclei, we select samples of 87 and 61 events carefully due to interactions of neutron (n) and singly charged particles (Z = 1), respectively. New results concerning the topology of such events are investigated. The average multiplicities of secondary relativistic particles that appear as shower tracks for n and Z = 1 stay more or less constant when compared with analogous data on p-Em at similar energy. The multiplicity distributions and the average values of the various secondary charged particles are studied and compared with the corresponding predictions by the cascade evaporation model. The results assume that the n or Z = 1 from 16O collide peripherally with an emulsion target and are considered as an expansion to the N-N collisions.

Experimental data are presented on the projectile fragments emitted from non-central collisions of 3.7 A GeV 16 O projectiles with nuclear emulsion. Charges of all projectile fragments are measured carefully and identified using δ-ray distributions. Each distribution is fitted by Gaussian shape and represented one of the possible charges of projectile fragments. Topology of 16 O fragmentation is reported and compared with that obtained at 60 A GeV. The multiplicity distributions for 16 O projectile fragments with charge 3Z7 are studied and it classified according to the size of the target nucleus. In this range of energy, the mechanism responsible for projectile fragmentation is independent on its energy. Experimental observations proved that there is high probability for production α-clusters than all other nuclear fragments. The production rate of α-clusters fragments due to 16 O fragmentations is studied at range of energies 2-200 A GeV. The dependence of α-clusters on target components (CNO and AgBr) is formulated. Experimental data indicates that α-cluster represents the main unit of the structure of atomic nucleus.

Traditional e-learning systems fall short in many respects when it comes to delivering content to learners in the most effective way. Research shows that e-learning systems are not accommodative of learners’ thinking and learning styles, which leads to poor performance. This paper proposes a way through which this problem can be addressed. The researcher believes that the technology of Artificial Intelligence can be integrated with the learning and thinking styles (Psychology) of learners in an e-learning system to provide an enriched learning experience. No attempts have been made so far to integrate Artificial intelligence and Psychology in an e-learning environment, making this paper unique. The paper explores this subject by designing a system that will be termed a “smart e-learning system.” The paper sought to propose Artificial Intelligence algorithms that will be applied to the learning and thinking styles of learners to come up with highly adaptive models for each student that enhances their learning experience. The significant difference in the performance of the control group and experimental group confirms that if psychology and AI are integrated, there is a significant improvement in the student learning experience in an e-learning system. This shows that Artificial Intelligence can work well with Psychology to enhance the learning experience in the e-learning environment.

This paper search for the results and properties of slow particle productions, appear as a gray and black tracks in nuclear emulsions, producing secondary charged particles which are emitted from [Formula: see text]Si interactions with emulsion nuclei at 14.6[Formula: see text] GeV. The forward particles emission of interactions, ([Formula: see text]) as well as the backward ones ([Formula: see text]), have been investigated. It includes the effect of both projectile mass number and energy on the production and multiplicities of these particles. The results compared with other experiments for the same target but with different projectiles and energies. The experimental data show that there are two different mechanisms responsible for the production of gray particles for the chosen channels of emission angles and each are energy dependence. This dependence is weakly on the projectile mass number. The same investigations are applied for black tracks producing particles. The experimental results show the production of these particles is purely target fragments independent on both projectile mass number and its energy. The anisotropy ratio of angular distribution (F/B) is applied for both kinds of particles which are found the value for gray particle production depends on the direction of emissions while it is unchanged for black particles.

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