Background: Epidemiology of cervical cancer is relatively well studied in developed countries of the world, but little is known about Central Asian states. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on cervical cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country. Data on cervical cancer patients were retrieved for the period 2007-2016. Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer among the population of Kazakhstan from 15.24 per 100,000 in 2007 to 18.83 per 100,000 in 2016. This might be attributed to the introduction of national health program in 2011, which improved early identification. Over the last few years, the decreasing cervical cancer mortality is observed influenced by early diagnosis. The age-standardized incidence rates show that the majority of cervical cancer cases occur in the 40-49 yr age group. Conclusion: The incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Kazakhstan in 2007-2016 are comparable with those in the neighboring former Soviet Union countries. Significant variations in incidence and mortality rates and one-year cancer-specific survival were observed between country regions.

Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan are relatively high but exact statistics have hitherto been lacking and trends over time are unclear. The present study was therefore undertaken to retrospectively assess data for East Kazakhstan, accessed from the central registration office, for the period 2004-2013. Approximate age standardized data for incidence and mortality were generated and compared across age groups, gender and year. It was determined that during the studied period 3,417 new cases of colorectal cancer were registered and 2,259 died of this pathology. Average cancer cancer incidence and mortality over the ten years were 24.1/10 5 and 15.9/10 5 respectively, and the overall ratio of mortality/incidence (M/I) was 0.69:1 (range 0.58-0.73). Both incidence and mortality tended to remain constant in both males and females. The male to female ratios also did not significantly vary over time but a trend for improvement of the mortality to incidence ratio was observed, especially for rectum. Whether this might be related to screening remains unclear. These preliminary data indicate that whereas colorectal cancer continues to be important, change in environmental factors are not having a great impact on incidence in East Kazakhstan.

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Relevance: GLOBOCAN estimates 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 935,000 deaths from CRC in 2020. CRC accounts for every tenth cancer case or death from cancer. According to the Oncological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK), in 2019, CRC ranked 5th in incidence and mortality among all cancers. With a survival time of more than five years, one of the main criteria that determine the condition of patients and the effectiveness of treatment is their quality of life (QOL). Understanding QOL parameters is essential to assess the full impact of the disease on an individual, family, and community. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality-of-life indicators in patients with colorectal cancer and validate a Kazakh variant of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire in RK. Results: The QOL of patients with CRC globally is relatively low in its physical, mental, social, and clinical aspects. The most important factors affecting the QOL are sexual dysfunction, body dissatisfaction in ostomy patients, chronic recurrent diarrhea, symptoms of distress, and high fatigue. The patient’s lifestyle, age, gender, stage of the disease, and psycho-emotional status all affect the QOL of patients with CRC. It should also be noted that CRC survivors who have been physically active report a better QOL than those who were not physically active. Conclusion: The fact that no study has been conducted in the RK for the QOL of patients with CRC necessitates a study to understand the QOL parameters in patients with CRC using the Kazakh version of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire. We plan to conduct such a study in the near future within the framework of grant funding for young scientists IRN AP09058432 KN MES RK and publish the results

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Relevance: GLOBOCAN estimates 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 935,000 deaths from CRC in 2020. CRC accounts for every tenth cancer case or dying from cancer. According to the Oncological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK), in 2019, CRC ranked 5th in incidence and mortality among all cancers. With a survival time of more than five years, one of the main criteria that determine the condition of patients and the effectiveness of treatment is their quality of life (QOL). Understanding QOL parameters is essential to assess the full impact of the disease on an individual, family, and community. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality-of-life indicators in patients with colorectal cancer and validate a Kazakh variant of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire in RK. Results: The QOL of patients with CRC globally is relatively low in its physical, mental, social, and clinical aspects. The most important factors affecting the QOL are sexual dysfunction, body dissatisfaction in ostomy patients, chronic recurrent diarrhea, symptoms of distress, and high fatigue. The patient’s lifestyle, age, gender, stage of the disease, and psycho-emotional status all affect the QOL of patients with CRC. It should also be noted that CRC survivors who have been physically active report a better QOL than those who were not physically active. Conclusion: The fact that no study has been conducted in the RK for the QOL of patients with CRC necessitates a survey to understand the QOL parameters in patients with CRC using the Kazakh version of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire. We plan to conduct such a study in the near future within the framework of grant funding for young scientists IRN AP09058432 KN MES RK and publish the results.