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Patients with post-stress pathologies display the signs of inflammation in the peripheral blood as well as in the brain. The mechanisms of such post-stress neuroimmune changes, their contribution to the behavior, the relationship of the intensity of inflammation with genetically determined features have not been clarified. The goal of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of post-stress inflammation in the blood and hippocampus of rats which differ in level of excitability of the nervous system. Rats of two strains (high/low excitability threshold) were subjected to stress according to the K. Hecht protocol and their behavior, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and the number of Iba+ cells in the hippocampus were analysed 24 hours, 7 and 24 days after stress exposure. Highly excitable animals show an increase in anxiety-like behavior, in the number of neutrophils compared to lymphocytes as well as in the number of Iba1+ cells in CA1, CA3 and DG areas of the hippocampus in response to stress. Thus, hereditary high excitability of the nervous system is a possible risk factor for the development of post-stress pathologies.

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Background. Rats natural ability to swim and dive provides adaptation in the wildlife and is widely applied as an instrument in experimental physiology. Nevertheless theres little scientific evidence on diving behaviour in rats itself. Meanwhile this behavioural pattern might be a notable trait to shed light on functional features of the nervous system, the higher nervous activity structure and evolutional adaptability in animals, including inherited ones. Materials and methods. In the present work we compared the performance of the spontaneous diving behaviour in the Morris water maze and forced diving behaviour in the Extrapolation escape task in two selected rat strains genetically differing in the nervous system excitability threshold. Results. We found a greater extent and adaptive pattern of both types of the diving behaviour in the high-excitable LT strain. This may be due to such basic features of this strain as high exploratory activity and an increased level of fear reactions. It was also shown that the second, low-excitable HT rat strain, demonstrates maladaptive jumping behaviour in the Extrapolation escape task due to higher anxiety level in the stress conditions. Conclusion. Observed differences between two strains allow us to consider the diving behaviour performed by high-excitable rats an inherited strain characteristic resembling adaptive rat behaviours in the wild and look forward to investigate its genetic mechanisms.

Цель - исследование влияния длительного эмоционально-болевого стрессорного воздействия (ДЭБС) в разные сроки после его окончания (24 ч, 2 нед, 2 мес) на фосфорилирование гистона Н3 (по серину 10) (phH3-Ser10) в клетках медиальной префронтальной коры (мПК) и базолатеральной области амигдалы (блА) у крыс двух линий с разным порогом возбудимости нервной системы к электрическому току (генетическая модель постстрессорных тревожно-депрессивных расстройств). Материал и методы. С использованием иммуногистохимического метода исследована иммунореактивность клеток мПК и блА к phH3-Ser10 у крыс 2 селекционных линий: низковозбудимых с высоким порогом возбудимости нервной системы (линия ВП) и высоковозбудимых с низким порогом возбудимости (линия НП). В качестве стрессора применяли длительное (15 сут) эмоционально-болевое воздействие по схеме К. Гехта. Результаты. У низковозбудимых крыс линии ВП в блА обнаружен более высокий базовый уровень phH3-Ser10 по сравнению с высоковозбудимыми крысами линии НП. В мПК межлинейных различий в базовом уровне phH3-Ser10 не обнаружено. Выявлено влияние ДЭБС на уровень phH3-Ser10 у крыс обеих линий. Показано кратковременное (через 24 ч) повышение phH3-Ser10 в мПК у крыс линии НП и устойчивое (до 2 мес после ДЭБС) у животных линии ВП. В блА только у высоковозбудимых крыс линии НП обнаружено индуцируемое ДЭБС возрастание и устойчивое до 2 мес сохранение уровня phH3-Ser10. Выводы. Выявлены долговременные изменения фосфорилирования гистона Н3, имеющие структурную специфичность и зависящие от генетически детерминированного функционального состояния нервной системы крыс. Objective - to study the effect of the long-term emotional-painful stress on the level of histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 (phH3-Ser10) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the rats of two strains characterized by different excitability of the nervous system in normal conditions and at various intervals (24 hours, 2 weeks, 2 months) after the long-term emotional-painful stress (LEPS). Material and methods. The immunoreactivity of mPC and BLA cells to phH3-Ser10 was studied using the immunohistochemical method. The objects of investigation were selected rat strains: НТ (high threshold, low excitability of the nervous system) and LT (low threshold, high excitability of the nervous system). A long-term (15 days) exposure to emotional-painful stress according to K. Hecht’s scheme was used. Results. Intact rats with low nervous excitability (HT strain - high threshold) demonstrated more high basal level of phH3Ser10 in BLA cells than rats with high excitability (LT strain - low threshold). No differences in basal level of phH3-Ser10 between two rat strains were found. The exposure to emotional- painful stress caused alterations in the level of phH3-Ser10 in rats from both strains. Increase of phH3-Ser10 level in the mPC was short-term (24h after LEPS) in LT rats and long-term (up to 2 months) in HT rats. The long-term (up to 2 months) increase of phH3-Ser10 level after stress in the BLA was discovered in LT rats only. Conclusions. Long-term changes in histone H3 phosphorylation, which have structural specificity and depend on genetically determined functional state of rats nervous system, were revealed.