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The structure and magnetic properties of different titanium oxide films doped with magnetic impurities are investigated both in the as-deposited state and after thermal treatments in a vacuum. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and vibrating sample magnetometry. In the as-deposited films, ferromagnetism was shown to be caused by the formation of magnetic clusters during the deposition. Heating of Ti1−xCoxO2−δ films in a vacuum up to high temperatures and the following quenching thereof result in partial dissolution of the clusters with the magnetic ions being incorporated into the matrix. The low-temperature vacuum annealing leads to an increase of weak ferromagnetism in the semiconductor solid solution.

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This work is devoted to the study of the impact of urban development on interethnic intolerance. Although studies on the impact of urbanization and the economic well-being of cities on interethnic intolerance have been conducted in other countries, no similar scientific work has been conducted in Russia. The purpose of this paper is to determine factors related to urban development that influence the level of interethnic intolerance in a Russian city and to clarify the nature of this influence. The assumption of the presence of such an influence is based on the fact that the comfort of the urban environment can play the role of an indicator of economic well-being, while the exacerbation of social conflicts during periods of economic instability is scientifically substantiated. This influence is studied using an econometric study on a sample of 66 Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people, where 2 or more crimes motivated by interethnic intolerance were committed during the period 2007–2019. The information base for the study was obtained from the website of the SOVA Center for Information and Analysis, the statistical databases of Rosstat and EMISS, and the official website of the urban environment quality index. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that interethnic intolerance is reduced due to a comfortable urban environment. Also, according to the study, in more populated Russian cities the level of interethnic intolerance is higher, whereas the incomes of city residents reduce it.