Thirty three vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted around Gombe and environs, employing Schlumberger array with a maximum electrode separation of AB/2 = 200m to determine locations favorable for sitting boreholes. The data obtained were interpreted using the partial curve matching technique and software (offix) for resistivity data interpretation. From the result, it was found that twenty one of the VES points are three layers while twelve are four layers. The first layers have thicknesses ranging from 0.8m to 16.1m, the second and third layer have thicknesses ranging from 0.994m to 149m and 11.7m to 108.2m, respectively while the fourth layer had thickness that extended beyond the probing depth. A correlation of the curves with existing lithologic log from boreholes in the study area suggests that the major lithologic units penetrated by the sounding curves were laterite, clay, shale, sandstone and sandy clays. The sandy clay and sandstone constitute the aquifer zones with resistivity range of 28 ohm-m to 84 ohm-m for clay, 240 ohm-m to 501 ohm-m for sandstone, 967 ohm-m to 1008 ohm-m for sandy clay. Others are 2069 ohm-m to 9607 ohm-m for the calcareous and the laterite units and 17456 0hm-m for the compacted sands. The direction of groundwater flow in the area was found to be northwest-southeast, average fitting error, pH and conductivity are 6.138 percent, 7.02 and 72.16ohm cmP -1P respectively. @ JASEM Resistivity survey was employed in this work to determine locations suitable for borehole construction because it can favorably locate water-bearing layer. The area is bounded by Latitude

Information on geothermal gradient and heat flow within the subsurface is critical in the quest for geothermal energy exploration. In a bid to ascertain the thermal potential of Nigeria sector of the Chad Basin for energy generation, subsurface temperature information from 19 oil wells, 24 water boreholes drilled to depths beyond 100 metres and atmospheric temperature from the Chad basin were utilized in calculating geothermal gradient of the area. Selected ditch cuttings from the wells were subjected to thermal conductivity test using Thermal Conductivity Scanner (TCS) at the Polish Geological Institute Laboratory in Warsaw. The terrestrial heat flow was calculated according to the Fourier's law as a simple product of the geothermal gradient and the mean thermal conductivity. Results obtained indicated geothermal gradient range of 2.81˚C/100 m to 5.88˚C/100 m with an average of 3.71˚C/100 m. The thermal conductivity values from the different representative samples range from 0.58 W/m*K to 4.207 W/m*K with an average of 1.626 W/m*K. The work presented a heat flow value ranging from 45 mW/m 2 to about 90 mW/m 2 in the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin.

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The Sedimentary (Chad formation) and Basement complex rocks in parts of Jigawa State were investigated for groundwater suitability for drinking, efficiency in water transmission and storage using aquifer properties derived from pumping test data using the Cooper and Jacob method for single well tests. The mean values of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and Specific capacity recorded for the area are 4.06×10 Boreholes yield ranges between 0.20 to from 3.39 to 22.90 m. The low values computed for these aquifer properties indicates the inefficiency and poor performance of the aquifer in the area as far as groundwater potentials and transmissio concern. This can also be attributed to the poor porosity and permeability of the parent rock from which the aquifer material were derived especially for the basement complex aquifers (weathered/fractured rocks), and the shallowness of the wells whic aquifers with low yield. Other possible reasons include poor borehole design and the use of feldsphatic materials as gravel pack which weathers into clay over time. However, the yields can support handpump equipped wells. The water analysis revealed water of low dissolved salt and hardness that are within the recommended limit set by WHO and NIS for drinking.

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