Mineralogy and rheology of raw and activated Turonian to Coniacian clays from Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Arabi, A. S.; Dewu, B. B. M.; Oladipo, M. O. A.; Funtua, I. I.

doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.01.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Bentonite is a rock formed of highly colloidal and plastic clays and is produced by in-situ devitrification of volcanic ash. Its presence in the area of study had been earlier mentioned in previous studies by Gourouza et al (2011;2013) and in similar Cretaceous lithology (the Pindiga Formation) by Arabi et al (2017) in the Benue Trough.…”

Section: Paleoenvironment and Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 66%

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Marine Series, Iullemmeden Basin, Niger Republic

Ali¹,

Wagani²,

Chaanda³

2019

GEP

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Major and trace elements, mineralogy as well as the total organic content of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Marine Series of the Iullemmeden basin in Niger were determined in order to assess their composition, the chemistry of the paleoenvironment and the nature of the parent crystalline rocks that they evolved from. The major and trace elements were analyzed using a Bruker Tracer IV energy-dispersive hand held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the mineralogical analyses were done using a Bruker AXS D8 Discover, while the total organic carbon was calculated by subtraction of inorganic carbon from the total carbon, determined using a CM5014 coulometer (UIC, Joliet, IL, USA) and a LECO SC-144DR instrument. Geochemical indices calculated from major oxides such as CIA, PIA, ICV and CIW have been computed and the results show that the Marine Series are made essentially of clay minerals of the smectite group (montmorillonite), quartz and other accessory minerals like rutile and calcite. Computed ratios of some trace elements such as V/(V + Ni) and V/(V + Cr) showed that the paleoenvironment was dysoxic-oxic and the low values (<2) of the Total Organic Carbon found in the sediments are justified by those poor preservative conditions. Based on Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratios, the sediments were derived from intermediate to acidic igneous rocks surrounding the basin.

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Section: Paleoenvironment and Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 66%

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Marine Series, Iullemmeden Basin, Niger Republic

Ali¹,

Wagani²,

Chaanda³

2019

GEP

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“…The kaolin object of this study represents one of the most widespread materials in clayey soils, whose minerals allow them to absorb water or other substances to a large extent and expand [18]. On the other hand, bentonite is made up of highly colloidal clay minerals [19]. This clay has been studied due to its rheological properties to be used as a mineral filler in polymeric compounds, such as bentonite-polyester [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behaviour of clays in plastic state

2021

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Clayey soils exhibit viscoelastic behaviour in the plastic state, implying simultaneous retentive and dissipative mechanical properties as well as strain rate dependent properties. Such response is partially captured by the socalled Atterberg plastic limits. A more comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical response of this type of soils in the plastic state can be obtained by testing in a dynamic shear rheometer. Clayey soils consisting of different proportions of kaolin and bentonite and different water contents were subjected to dynamic shear tests to measure their rheological properties. All tests were performed with a constant strain amplitude of 10%, a fixed range frequency sweep (0.1 Hz to 100 Hz) and a constant temperature of 20°C. The results show that the complex shear modulus has an inverse relationship with the soil water content and a direct relationship with the plasticity index. Moreover, the phase angle increases slightly and then decreases suddenly as the frequency increases. The complex shear moduli obtained by dynamic tests were compared with the oedometric moduli estimated by correlations and showed satisfactory trends between them. The study contributed to the understanding of the complex behaviour of soils in the plastic state. Although the mechanical response of these materials is affected by some factors, the plasticity limits were consistent with the complex moduli under analogous conditions of strain and frequency.

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“…It is a viscous, clay laden heavy fluid designed to perform a variety of functions [1,2]. Nigeria as a nation is reputed with substantial amount of clay deposit which its full potential has not been exploited for drilling purposes as a result of its inability in satisfying the API requirement (standard) when compared with the imported bentonite [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The demand for oil globally hasbeen on the increase and is predictable to persist in the future which then call for more drilling activities especially in Nigeria which is reputed as a major oil producer and exporting nation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Local Clay for Drilling Mud Production

Michael¹,

Ilozuruike²,

Julian³

et al. 2022

OGCE

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Oil companies'dealing with drilling operations in Nigeria often spends millions of dollars in importation of bentonite for its operations as a result of its importance and high demand. As a result of this, attempt to source for local substitute has been initiated, which if successful would save the nation from this huge capital flight. In this study, a sample of Umuna local clay deposit was evaluated for drilling fluid application. The viscosity and filtration loss was analyzed and it's far below that of the imported bentonite. The properties of the local clay was improved by addingmaterials such as HV-CMC, Drispac polymer and bentonite extenders to the formulated mud to enhance its viscosity and filtration loss Also the shearing speed was increased, but the used speed is limited to practical shearing speed. Theclay yield and characterization of the beneficiated samples show that the treated local clay is slightly comparable to the imported bentonite. The Calcium Exchange Capacity (CEC) result for the clay samples fall within the 70 -150 Meq/100g. This result further suggests that the analyzed clay is of montimorillonite family, with traces of illite which is good for drilling mud production. The obtained results from this study indicates that the filtration loss and plastic viscosity for the analyzed clay samples were generally far from comparing with the imported bentonite, but through beneficiation, they were able to compare with the imported bentonite.

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Mineralogy and rheology of raw and activated Turonian to Coniacian clays from Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Marine Series, Iullemmeden Basin, Niger Republic

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Marine Series, Iullemmeden Basin, Niger Republic

Rheological behaviour of clays in plastic state

Characterization of Local Clay for Drilling Mud Production

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