Fusion is the union of two tooth buds that are normally separated. Fusion is more frequent in deciduous teeth, particularly in the anterior region. The etiology of fusion is not known. It has been suggested that the pressure of adjacent dental follicles produces their contact and fusion before calcification. There is no difference between men and women in incidence. The term paradental cyst means that such type of cysts that are close proximity with the root of a tooth. A history of recurrent pericoronitis is reported usually and there is often the presence of a communication between the periodontal pocket and the cyst. We present a rare case report where in partially erupted mandibular third molar is fused horizontally with a supernumerary tooth with paradental cyst.

Context: “Identity” is a set of physical characteristics, functional or psychic, normal or pathological, that defines an individual. Identification of an individual is a crucial and an exigent task in forensic investigation. Aims: The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the accuracy of various methods employed in gender determination such as lip prints, mandibular canine index (MCI), fingerprints, and correlation between them. Subjects and Methods: The pilot study group consisted of 300 samples aged between 18 and 25 years. Lip prints, fingerprints, and impressions of lower mandibular arches were collected. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using Chi-square test for lip prints and fingerprints with an independent sample t -test for the MCI. Intergroup comparison between the parameters was analyzed by ANNOVA test. Results: Type II lip print pattern and loop pattern of fingerprints were the predominant patterns in both males and females, and mesiodistal width of right MCI has greater sexual dimorphism than left MCI. Conclusions: Although lip prints, fingerprints, and MCI had their own specifications, correlation of the three parameters did not show any significance.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon, benign and slow growing odontogenic tumor, which is usually located in an anterior region of the maxilla without pain. Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a relatively rare benign tumor of the jaw. Here we present 2 lesions presenting in unusual forms, follicular variant of AOT in the mandible and COF associated with impacted canine in the mandible, occurring concomitantly in the same patient. Both lesions presented classic histopathologic features.

Background:Lipids play an important role in maintaining the cell membrane integrity. Lipid profile is a panel of blood tests that serve as an initial medical screening for abnormalities in lipids and approximate risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, etc., The present study evaluates the alterations in lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers and aims to achieve a correlation between them.Materials and Methods:The study is an in vitro type of cross-sectional study with 25 oral cancer patients, 25 chronic smokers (habit persisting for 15 years or more), and 15 nonsmokers as control group. Blood samples had been collected, and triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed using a lipid profile kit and an autoanalyzer. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and ANOVA test (P < 0.05).Results:There was a significant increase in TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL and decrease in HDL in the smokers group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). A significant increase in LDL, but a decrease in values of HDL, VLDL, TG, and TC was observed in the cancer patients group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05).Conclusion:There is an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile in smokers and cancer patients. The decrease in lipid profile in cancer patients might be due to their increased utilization of lipids by neoplastic cells in membrane biogenesis. Therefore, a decrease in lipid profile in smokers can be assumed that they might be more prone to develop cancerous conditions.

Odontoameloblastoma are tumours which represent a histological combination of ameloblastoma and complex odontoma. It behaves in an invasive manner like Ameloblastoma and is more aggressive in nature. We report a new case of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO). Clinical, radiographic and histopathological features are discussed. CASe RepoRTA 5-year-old girl presented to our department with a chief complaint of swelling in the right mandibular region. Extraoral examination revealed facial asymmetry, with swelling present on the right side of the mandible measuring 3 × 4 cm [Table/ Fig-1]. The swelling was asymptomatic and covered with healthy skin with normal colour. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling of the vestibule of mouth, extending from the deciduous canine to the deciduous second molar region, covered with normal mucosa and was hard to palpation [Table/ Fig-2]. Oral inspection also revealed a full complement of deciduous teeth present along with good oral hygiene. There was no history of local trauma or infection. The OPG revealed a welldefined radiolucent lesion extending from the lower left canine to the right deciduous second molar region [Table /Fig-3]. The border of the lesion was well-circumscribed.As the clinical features alone could not show a definitive diagnosis, incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathology revealed cellular, dental papilla-like mesenchymal tissues admixed with irregu larly shaped nests of odontogenic epithelium and areas of dentin and enamel matrix. The picture was suggestive of an AFO. The lesion was surgically excised and AFO was confirmed after excision.

Oral cavity is an uncommon site for metastasis and is usually an evidence of widespread disease. The clinical presentation of the metastatic lesions differs between the various sites in the oral region. Metastatic tumors account for 1–3% of all oral malignancies. The jawbones, particularly the mandibular molar area is more frequently affected than the oral soft tissues (2:1). Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with metastasis from lung to the mandible, where the metastasis was detected before primary tumor.

Background:Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a hydrolase intracellular enzyme participating in the metabolic processes of cells. Rise in salivary ALP (S-ALP) levels reflects inflammation and destruction of healthy tissues suggesting it as a clinical biomarker. S-ALP is used in analyzing the severity of the disease occurrence in smokers and nonsmokers who are diabetic and nondiabetic. S-ALP levels are analyzed using autoanalyzer in 40 patients who visited our department.Aims and Objectives:To determine the levels of S-ALP in diagnosing potentially malignant conditions and debilitating diseases in early stages of inflammation and altered cellular metabolism.Materials and Methods:The study groups include: (1) Group A - 10 smokers who are diabetic. (2) Group B - 10 smokers who are nondiabetic. (3) Group C - 10 nonsmokers who are diabetic. (4) Group D - 10 nonsmokers and nondiabetic as control. Unstimulated saliva samples are collected and run in auto-analyzer with ALP enzyme reagent to analyze ALP levels. Comparison is made between all the four groups.Results:Results were statistically significant with increased activity of ALP levels in saliva from Group A when compared to Group D. The results are Group A > Group B > Group C > Group D. The results also revealed significant raise in levels of ALP levels in saliva from smokers when compared to diabetes. Thus explaining adverse effects of smoking.Conclusion:S-ALP can be considered to be the biomarker for evaluating adverse effects of smoking, diabetes and other debilitating diseases in early stages.

Ewing's sarcoma is rare sarcoma of bone and soft tissue that uncommonly involve the head and neck in both bone and soft tissue locations. The term Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors comprises both Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. It was in 1975, Angervall and Enzinger described the Ewing's sarcoma arising in soft tissues (extraskeletal). The principal sites of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma are the paravertebral region and chest wall, generally in close association with vertebrae or the ribs. These tumors may also arise in the soft tissues of the lower extremities and rarely in the pelvic region and hip regions. Superficially located cases do occur but are rare. Here, we present a case of Ewing's sarcoma involving the maxillary sinus region. A 12-year-old boy reported to our department with a swelling on the right side of middle third of the face for 15 days. Intraorally, there was only obliteration of the labial vestibule. On histopathological examination, a provisional diagnosis of malignant round cell tumor was given. Immunohistochemistry with a panel of markers was done to come to a definitive diagnosis. CD99 positivity confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma.