Investigations on the emission quantities from chemical and power plants located in the town of Kohtla-Jiirve, and the results of atmospheric ай quality calculations as well as monitoring data demonstrate that the role of acid deposition precursors among different air pollutants increased essentially during the period 1988-1995. Precipitation and soil analyses and morphometrical characteristics of Norway spruce and Scots pine on open land and in forest sites indicated serious changes in the morphology of conifers. A drastic aggravation of their state under the influence of the multicomponential air pollution complex was fixed in northern or northeastern areas at a distance of 2-3 km (Saka region) from Kohtla-Jirve.
The correlation between natural (meteorological, hydrological) and technogenic (mining-technological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical) factors caused by oil shale mining in the Purtse catchment region in northeastern Estonia during 1990-1998 has been studied. As а result of a complex effect of these factors (correlation coefficients r = 0.60-0.86), a so-called hydrogeological circulation of water has been formed in the catchment area. It totals 2540 % from the whole amount of mine water pumped out at the present, but in the near future it will reach even up to 50-55 %. On the ground of average data, a conceptual balance scheme of water circulation (cycles) for the Purtse catchment landscape has been worked out. It shows that under the influence of technogenic waterflows a new, anthropogenic biogeochemical matter cycling from geological environment into hydrological one has been formed in this catchment area. Transition of the macro-and microelements existing in the composition of oil shale into the aqueous solution and their distribution in mine water are in a good harmony with the so-called arrangement of the elements by the electrode potentials. The technogenic hydrochemical conditions arising in the catchment rivers will not disappear even after finishing oil shale mining.
The changes in physico-chemical composition of mine water flowing out from the now closed Kivioli mine in [1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996] concerning sulfates, chlorides, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total hardness have been studied.Annual average values of these parameters are in a clear correlative function:the correlation coefficients lie within the range of 0.8367-0.9993. Considerable differences in the hydrogeological and geochemical processes running underground after closing the mine have caused up to threefold decrease in the content of above-named components in the mine water. As a result, the mine water flowing out is relatively pure at the present time and does not essentially damage the quality of water in Purtse River any longer. There is no oil and phenolic pollution in presently outflowing mine water, whereas during the closing of the mine the isolation of the part of mine (pit bottom) that remained under the territory of Kivioli Oil Shale Processing Plant from all mined area, was accomplished effectively.
The attention is focused on the formation of hydrological and hydrogeological interconnections between the catchment areas of Purtse, Rannapungerja, Pühajõgi and Vasavere rivers after closing (in 1997-2002) and flooding the Ahtme, Tammiku, Sompa and Kohtla oil shale underground mines. The multivariate relationship between the changes in mine water amounts directed into the rivers, annual runoff due to mine water inlets, groundwater underground flow, outflow module and other factors (as variables) were studied. A complex of linear regression formulas was derived to calculate the amounts of mine water outputs into the rivers and water distribution in order to regulate the hydrological regime of investigated rivers.
The multivariate relationship between phytoplankton abundance and different factors both natural and generated by oil shale mining in the Purtse catchment rivers (Purtse, Kohtla, and Ojamaa) in Augusts 1996-2000 was studied. Impact of oil shale mine water discharges, causing the input of sulfates and chlorides into the rivers, on phytoplankton abundance in river water was characterized by significant negative linear correlation. The amount of annual precipitation influenced positively the characteristics of phytoplankton abundance in river water. The complex of linear regression formulas was derived for characterising phytoplankton abundance in the lower course of the Purtse River using meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological as well as geochemical data of water circulation.Closing the Sompa, Tammiku and Kohtla mines in 2000-2001 decreased essentially anthropogenic stress on ecological condition of the Purtse catchment rivers.
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