Investigations on the emission quantities from chemical and power plants located in the town of Kohtla-Jiirve, and the results of atmospheric ай quality calculations as well as monitoring data demonstrate that the role of acid deposition precursors among different air pollutants increased essentially during the period 1988-1995. Precipitation and soil analyses and morphometrical characteristics of Norway spruce and Scots pine on open land and in forest sites indicated serious changes in the morphology of conifers. A drastic aggravation of their state under the influence of the multicomponential air pollution complex was fixed in northern or northeastern areas at a distance of 2-3 km (Saka region) from Kohtla-Jirve.
A comparative field study of the effect of prolonged emission of alkaline (cement) dust on 60-80-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies L) ап@ Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out.The effect of various levels of dust pollution occurring at different distances from the Kunda cement plant in North-East Estonia was investigated. Through mediating factors like alkalization of environment, deficiency of light, and changes in nutrition, alterations in the content of photosynthetic pigment in conifer needles were assessed. In the zone of 0.5-1.0 km from the cement plant, where the level of dust pollution is high, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed. The decrease was especially pronounced in the youngest needles; spruce was more sensitive than pine. The highest sensitivity to dust effect was revealed by Chl a and Chl a/Chl b ratio. The winter maximum of P-carotene content in pine needles arrived earlier and more rapidly in this zone than in,the control sites. Farther from the pollution source the pigment accumulation in conifer needles may be even stimulated.
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