This paper describes the computerized analysis which was conducted to ensure personnel safety and pipeline integrity during power system faults occuring near the Trans Quebec & Maritimes gas pipeline. The pipeline section considered was constructed in the vicinity of two Hydro-Quebec power substations and a number of high voltage transmission line structures. The effects of electromagnetic induction and through-earth conduction caused by currents originating from Hydro-Quebec facilities during ground fault conditions are examined and their impact on the gas pipeline are quantified.
We apply two well-known technical indicators to the Polish Stock index over the period of 9/4/1998 to 4/18/2013. Our findings support the predictive power of technical trading rules for each sub-period and for the entire period. We then ask whether an investor can use the predictive power of technical analysis to beat the profitability of the buy-and-hold strategy considering both transaction costs and risk. We conclude that it is not possible to beat the buy and hold strategy when considering transaction costs and risk. We could say the Polish market is efficient.
Subsea pipelines play a significant role in E&P systems and are often called the lifelines of offshore oil and gas fields. These pipeline systems now cover greater areas and therefore traverse greater distances, go to deeper regions, and use larger-diameter pipelines. These developments present several challenges, including: ■ geohazards due to scarp or canyon crossings ■ multidiameter requirements ■ reduced-diameter risers to interface with large bore pipelines ■ ultra-deepwaters where top tensions become installation limitations ■ piggability of varying pipeline diameters, branching, and materials Most current approaches for these new frontiers rely on stretching the current design and installation practices that involve pushing materials and equipment to their limits, which increases risks and leads to very expensive solutions (high capex and high opex) for developing, installing, maintaining, and operating subsea pipeline systems. A subsea pipeline smart crossing system was developed to be a cost-effective solution that enables interconnectivity of different types and sizes of pipes to address the previously mentioned challenges and simplify subsea field architecture. This paper presents the challenges and constraints for two different field architectures, outlines the subsea pipeline smart crossing solution, and presents its associated technical and commercial benefits that allow operators to optimize their spend on development, installation, and operation of subsea pipeline systems.
Geometric inspections are frequently performed during the construction and operation of pipelines of 6 to 40-inch diameter to detect dents and ovalizations that affect the pipe structural integrity, favor pipe corrosion, and hinder the use of magnetic inspection tools. However, no inspection pigs for pipelines of less than 4-inch diameter were available in the worldwide market. The great demand for such a specific inspection tools lead the Brazilian company PIPEWAY to developed a geometric pig capable of running 3-inch diameter pipes. PIPEWAY 3-inch Geometric Pig built in microprocessor and software allow graphic visualization and analysis, describing the inspecting operations and results. The 3-inch Geometric Pig is composed of several modules loaded with the sensors, the controller, the mass memory (that stores pig run data), the battery pack, and the odometer. What makes such pig a special tool is the deep integration of advanced technology with mechanics.
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