Summary• In China, its centre of origin, apricot ( Prunus armeniaca ) is self-incompatible. However, most European cultivars are self-compatible. In most cases, selfcompatibility is a result of a loss-of-function mutation within the pollen gene ( SFB ) in the S C haplotype. Controlled pollinations performed in this work revealed that the cross 'Ceglédi óriás' ( S 8 S 9 ) × 'Ceglédi arany' ( S C S 9 ) set well, as expected, but the reciprocal cross did not.• Apricot S 8 , S 9 and S C haplotypes were analysed using a multilevel approach including fruit set evaluation, pollen tube growth analysis, RNase activity assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing of the S-RNase and SFB alleles.• SFB 8 was revealed to be the first known progenitor allele of a naturally occurring self-compatibility allele in Prunus , and consequently S C = . The first intron of S C -RNase is a phase one intron, indicating its more recent evolutionary origin compared with the second intron. Sequence analysis of different cultivars revealed that more single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulated in S C -RNase than in SFB C . New methods were designed to allow high-throughput analysis of S genotypes of apricot cultivars and selections.• S-RNase sequence data from various sources helped to elucidate the putative origin and dissemination of self-compatibility in apricot conferred by the S C haplotype.
The fruit quality parameters and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined in 27 apricot cultivars and hybrids of diverse origins. Twenty one- to 35-fold variations were measured among FRAP and TPC values. Besides genotype, harvest year also contributed significantly (P≤0.05) to the variations of TPC presumably due to the climatic differences between years. A subset of genotypes (15) was also analyzed for their antiradical activities (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH; total radical-scavenging activity, TRSA; water-soluble antioxidant capacity, ACW; and lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity, ACL), and vitamin C contents as well as color indices (CIE H°, L*, and chroma). The hybrid "Preventa" had outstanding FRAP (>10.4 mmol ascorbic acid/L), DPPH (74.45%), TRSA (0.002%), ACW (33587.5 nmol AA/L) and ACL (78.65 nmol Trolox/L), TPC (>2890.0 mg gallic acid/L), and vitamin C (16.17 mg/100 g FW) levels and an average carotenoid content estimated from the hue angle (66.99°). Most antioxidant and antiradical activities correlated significantly except for TRSA; the closest correlation was observed between FRAP and ACW (r=0.952). Only TRSA showed significant correlations with color indices, H° and chroma, suggesting TRSA measures at least a fraction of the antioxidant capacity attributable to apricot carotenoids.
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shows gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single locus with several allelic variants. An allele for self-compatibility (S C ) and seven alleles for self-incompatibility (S 1 -S 7 ) were described previously. Our experiments were carried out to ascertain whether the number of allelic variants of apricot S-locus was indeed so small. Twenty-seven apricot accessions were analysed for stylar ribonucleases by non-equilibrium pH gradient electrofocusing (NEpHGE) to determine their S-genotype. To validate the results of electrofocusing, the applicability of the S-gene-specific consensus PCR primers designed from sweet cherry sequences was tested. NEpHGE revealed 12 bands associated with distinct S-alleles in newly genotyped cultivars. Cherry consensus primers amplified 11 alleles out from 16 ones, which indicated that these primers could also recognize most of the S-RNase sequences in apricot, and provided an efficient tool to confirm or reject NEpHGE results. By combining the protein and DNA-based methods, complete or partial S-genotyping was achieved for 23 apricot accessions and nine putatively new alleles (provisionally labelled S 8 -S 16 ) were found. Their identity needs to be confirmed by pollination tests or S-allele sequencing. This study provides evidence that similarly to other Prunus species, the S-locus of apricot is more variable than previously believed.
Forty apricot cultivars with different geographic origins belonging to the germplasm collections of St. Istvan University (Budapest, Hungary) and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) (Valencia, Spain) were studied by means of SSR markers. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic relationships among genotypes from different eco-geographical groups. Sixteen primer pairs flanking microsatellite sequences in the peach genome were assayed. Eleven of them were polymorphic in the set of cultivars studied and allowed every genotype to be unambiguously distinguished. Genetic diversity in the population studied was analyzed using several variability parameters. A total of 34 alleles were detected with a mean value of 3.1 alleles/locus. The expected heterozygosity mean was 0.46 and the observed heterozygosity was 32% on an average leading to a high value of the Wright's fixation index (0.32). Additionally, UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance grouped genotypes according to their geographic origins and pedigrees. SSR markers have proved to be an efficient tool for fingerprinting cultivars and conducting genetic-diversity studies in apricot.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.