Compact electro-optical modulators are demonstrated on thin films of lithium niobate on silicon operating up to 50 GHz. The half-wave voltage length product of the high-performance devices is 3.1 V.cm at DC and less than 6.5 V.cm up to 50 GHz. The 3 dB electrical bandwidth is 33 GHz, with an 18 dB extinction ratio. The third-order intermodulation distortion spurious free dynamic range is 97.3 dBHz2/3 at 1 GHz and 92.6 dBHz2/3 at 10 GHz. The performance demonstrated by the thin-film modulators is on par with conventional lithium niobate modulators but with lower drive voltages, smaller device footprints, and potential compatibility for integration with large-scale silicon photonics.
he growth of information tcchnolugy demands improvements in communication sys torn capacity, bandwidih (it., spccd), sucurity, mobility, and flcxibil-T ity. Currcntly dcployed communication systems do not offer ihcsc features simultaneously.Fiberoptic technology can provide tremendous bandwidth, but it does not suppork user mobility or flexible system wonfiguration. Wirclcss communication systems using traditional KF or microwave frequencies can providc user mobility, but they do not support high data rates and suciirity (low probability of intcrccpt). Wireless communication systems using millimeter-wave frequencies offer thc potential for broadband, scciirc, wireless communication. Communication security features of millimeter W~V C S include thc ability to spatially control radiated emissions throiigh a combination of the exploitation of high atmospheric attcnuafion and the use of physically small but highly dircctive antennas. Until recently, millimeter-wave technology was extremely cxpcnsivc, but increased commercial invcstment in applications likc local multipoint distribution system (LMDS) have advanced the state-of-the-art of millimotcr-wave components while reducing costs. hdditional cost reductions caii be expected as thcsc commercial technologies gain a grcatcr foothold in the marketplacc.The combined us(! of fiberoptics for point-to-point comniunication and millimctcr waves for short-range wirclcss communication can provide fast data rates, high luvcls of security, arid user mobility simulhneously 111. This article provides a n overview of progress made in [he dcvelopnient of a hybrid 04 " w a v e
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