Background: The burden of breast cancer is increasing in both developed and developing countries; the peak occurrence of breast cancer in developed countries is above the age of 50 whereas in India it is above the age of 40. Reproductive factors contribute most to the development of breast cancer. Nulliparity, more age at first live birth and no breastfeeding are major reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in the developed countries. The role of reproductive factors in the development of breast cancer in Indian population is different as compared with that seen in the western population. Objective of this study was to find out some of the various risk factors of breast cancer among patients attending the tertiary care hospital in Hassan.Methods: The case control study was conducted at surgery wards of Sri Chamarajendra district hospital which is a teaching hospital. The calculated number of cases was 110, including 110 controls total 220 individuals were included in the study. A case was defined as any female patient histopathologically confirmed to have breast cancer.Results: The maximum cases (38%) were between 51 to 60 years of age group. Age at menarche, age at first child birth, age at marriage and age at menopause reported significant risk for breast cancer.Conclusions: Information, education and communication activities regarding these risk factors, early signs and symptoms of breast carcinoma, and breast self‑examination should be imparted to the women to create awareness about this fatal disease.
Background: Appendicitis is among the most common abdominal conditions requiring admission to emergency surgery departments. It has a life time risk of 6%. Untreated appendicitis may be complicated with development of gangrene or perforation, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates in almost all age groups. The frequency of appendicitis may show variation by population, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and race. The objective of this study was to know the influence of some demographic factors on perforated appendicitis in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional was done in a teaching hospital which is a referral center. All the acute appendicitis cases admitted to the hospital between January 2015 to December 2016 were included in the study. A total of 532 acute appendicitis cases were diagnosed based on pathological features and were allocated to either the perforated or non-perforated appendicitis groups.Results: In our study total 532 cases were operated for appendicitis. Among that 294 (56%) were males and 238 (44%) were females with a ratio of 1.27:1.00. The mean age was 26.8±13.2 among non -perforated cases and 22.4±12.3 among perforated cases. In present study, maximum cases were in the age group 21-30 years and perforation was more among >50 years age group (23.3%).Conclusions: Perforation was higher among >50 years age group and in the patients from rural area which was found to be statistically significant. The reasons can be misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, financial and transportation problems.
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