Risk factors associated with carcinoma breast: a case control study

Palachandra, A; Ishwaraprasad, G D; Sreelatha, C Y; Sumana, M

doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173902

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Women who have their FFTP at ≥30 years of age have a 50% increased risk of breast cancer compared with those women who have their FFTP at <20 years of age. 6 This protective effect is validated for HR+ type, and the risk of TNBC remains unchanged. In a systematic review in 2014, Namiranian et al showed that a first pregnancy after 30 years of age and nulliparous women are strongly associated with the risk of breast cancer.…”

Section: Prolonged Interval Between Menarche and First Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Nulliparous, younger age at menarche, early age at pregnancy, older age at first live birth, late menopause, prolonged interval between menarche and first pregnancy, repeated abortions, first pregnancy after 35 years, and no/less breastfeeding are major risk factors for breast malignancies. [5][6][7][8] Recent studies have shown that the implications of reproductive and hormonal factors in patients with breast cancer are associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. 9 Hormonal and reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer through prolonged exposure to ER.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer Risk

Tarannum¹,

Pittala²,

Deekshitha³

et al. 2019

Int J Med Rev

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A neoplasm, also referred to as a tumor, is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue and remains in the same excessive manner even after removal of the stimuli which evoked the changes. Tumors may be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors remain localized and are amenable to surgical removal, whereas malignant tumors, i.e. cancerous ones, adhere to any part in an obstinate manner, often invade surrounding tissue, and metastasize to distinct sites. Breast cancer occupies second place as the most occurring cancer in terms of incidence. Breast cancer is a heterogenous cancer, mostly linked with reproductive and hormonal factors in its occurrence. Nulliparous, younger age at menarche, early age pregnancy, older age at first live birth, late menopause, prolonged interval between menarche and first pregnancy, repeated abortions, first pregnancy after 35 years, and no/less breastfeeding are major risk factors for breast malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the implications of reproductive and hormonal factors in patients with breast cancer are associated mostly with BRCA1 (breast cancer gene 1) and BRCA2 (breast cancer gene 2) gene mutations.

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Section: Prolonged Interval Between Menarche and First Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer Risk

Tarannum¹,

Pittala²,

Deekshitha³

et al. 2019

Int J Med Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Association of risk factors and breast cancer among women treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case–control study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesMany factors known to increase the risk of breast cancer, such as age, family history, early menarche and late menopause are not modifiable. Modifiable factors include obesity, use of menopausal hormones and breast feeding. This study aimed to assess risk factors associated with breast cancer among women at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.DesignFacility based case–control study.MethodsCase–control study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2019. A total of 230 cases and 230 controls participated in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Multivariable logistic model based analysis was conducted to control the effect of potential confounding factors. ORs and 95% CI for the likelihood of developing breast cancer were calculated.ResultsThe odds of breast cancer was higher among women between 40 and 49 years (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.29, 95% CI 1.39 to 7.77), and being unemployed (AOR: 4.28, 95% CI 2.00 to 9.16). Regarding life style risk factors, women consuming solid oil and using wood or animal dung as source of fuel had significantly higher odds of breast cancer. In addition, the odds of breast cancer was significantly higher among postmenopausal women, women who had previous benign surgery and women with early menarche (<12 years). On the other hand, the odd of breast cancer was significantly lower among women who had moderate physical activities.ConclusionThis study showed that occupational status, consumption of solid oil, and using wood or animal dung as source of fuel, early menarche, menopausal status and previous benign breast surgery were associated with breast cancer. On the other hand, physical activity was protective factor. Therefore, there is a need to design appropriate intervention to educate women about life style change or behaviour modification to decrease their breast cancer risk.

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