The proposed intelligent reflective surface (IRS) is presented to compensate for the path loss and enhance the coverage of 5G networks at mm-wave band. A (π) shaped element with variable-sized dipoles, distributed in a certain way to maintain a phase length curve over 340 • in the range of 23-27 GHz, is addressed in this work. The proposed structure can be an ideal candidate for 5G mm-wave band n258.
Purpose: to analyze the results of scientific research by scientists in the field of vineyard fertilization, aimed not only at increasing yields, but also at further increasing soil fertility. Discussion. The overview of research works, domestic and foreign literary sources related to the grape planting fertilization is presented. The impact of options of fertilizer application of various types, terms, methods, doses and rates of application, as well as growth stimulants, on the quality and quantity of grape products obtained, depending on the soil type is discussed. The application of various fertilizers and growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the yield of various grape varieties and increased the sugar content in grain berries. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of studies of fertilizer systems for grapes on different soils showed that the use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 33–127 %, depending on the variety, and the amount of sugar increased from 43 to 98 % compared to the control. The vineyard fertilization system should include a combination and distribution of certain norms of the main mineral fertilizer, manure and various nutrition over time. It should be noted that when high doses of mineral fertilizers are applied (above N120P120, and K90–140 depending on the type of soil), a decrease in grape yield is observed, regardless of the crop variety. The use of various microfertilizers has a positive effect on increasing the yield of grapes and improving the quality of grain berries. The use of growth regulators in vineyards contributes to an increase in yield, but does not affect the quality of grain berries.
The power consumption of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has not been addressed enough in the state-of-theart. This paper proposes a paradigm for converting RISs into ecofriendly structures that generate their needed power by the highefficiency multiple junctions (MJ) solar cells. This work considers the impact of adding solar cells to the RIS and investigates the amount of generated power. Moreover, the inclination angle of the solar irradiance is considered as well as the needed batteries and converters. Since the introduced RIS can be a potential candidate for the 5G-and-beyond-communications, two ranges of frequencies will be discussed in this work: sub-6GHz and 5G Millimeter wave (mmWave).
Purpose: to determine the amount of soil loss depending on rainfall intensity under various crops and agricultural backgrounds, including applying soil protection methods and measures. Materials and methods: field experiments on slopes with various agricultural crops and bare fallow, artificial sprinkling, considering soil loss by measuring ravines, visual and instrumental observations for the amount of soil projective cover by plants. Study of the water-physical properties of soils according to generally accepted methods. Results. According to the results of field observations from 1973 to 2021 and artificial sprinkling in the experiments, the dependence of the amount of soil loss on bare fallow and in crops on rain intensity was established. A grouping of agricultural crops according to erosion resistance was fulfilled, correction factors for soil loss were derived depending on the degree of projective soil cover by plants. It was revealed, due to which factors the soil protection from washout is carried out with the contour-strip cropping of bare fallow and row crops with continuous seeding crops. Conclusions. The bulk of washed-out soil from erosion during rain showers reaches 65.5 t/ha on fallows, 38.6 t/ha on row crops and 0.3–2.4 t/ha on perennial grasses, depending on the surface slope, the value of projective soil cover by plants, applied soil protection methods, agrotechnical measures and agricultural backgrounds, creation of a nanorelief on the surface of bare fallow and inter row-spacing row crops.
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