Purpose: to analyze the results of scientific research by scientists in the field of vineyard fertilization, aimed not only at increasing yields, but also at further increasing soil fertility. Discussion. The overview of research works, domestic and foreign literary sources related to the grape planting fertilization is presented. The impact of options of fertilizer application of various types, terms, methods, doses and rates of application, as well as growth stimulants, on the quality and quantity of grape products obtained, depending on the soil type is discussed. The application of various fertilizers and growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the yield of various grape varieties and increased the sugar content in grain berries. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of studies of fertilizer systems for grapes on different soils showed that the use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 33–127 %, depending on the variety, and the amount of sugar increased from 43 to 98 % compared to the control. The vineyard fertilization system should include a combination and distribution of certain norms of the main mineral fertilizer, manure and various nutrition over time. It should be noted that when high doses of mineral fertilizers are applied (above N120P120, and K90–140 depending on the type of soil), a decrease in grape yield is observed, regardless of the crop variety. The use of various microfertilizers has a positive effect on increasing the yield of grapes and improving the quality of grain berries. The use of growth regulators in vineyards contributes to an increase in yield, but does not affect the quality of grain berries.
Purpose: to analyze the scientists’ studies on terms, methods and norms of irrigation of vineyards to identify the optimal conditions for irrigation in the Republic of Crimea. Discussion. An overview of research papers from domestic and foreign sources concerning various terms, methods and rates for irrigating vineyards is presented. It is almost impossible to obtain high yields of good quality when growing grapes in the zone of unstable moisture, but it is also not recommended to irrigate uncontrollably, since excessive humidity during critical periods leads to a decrease in the set of berries and to their cracking, which affects the quality of the harvest. The correct application of modes and methods of irrigation is one of the main tasks of viticulture. The options for using various terms, methods and irrigation rates for irrigating vineyards in order to obtain good quality grape products in the required quantity are discussed. Also here the optimal ways of irrigating vineyards under the conditions of the Republic of Crimea are presented. Conclusions. The analysis of various studies devoted to the study of terms, methods and rates of vineyard irrigation made it possible to establish the optimal irrigation regime for vineyards and to identify the most suitable irrigation method for vineyards. Based on the results of research conducted by scientists and taking into account the agro-climatic conditions of the Republic of Crimea, a drip method for irrigating vineyards while maintaining soil moisture not lower than 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.8 m is proposed.
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