The transition to green chemistry and biodegradable polymers is a logical stage in the development of modern chemical science and technology. In the framework of this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and potential of biodegradable polymers of synthetic and natural origin are compared using the example of polylactide and chitosan as traditional representatives of these classes of polymers, and the possibilities of their combination via obtaining composite materials or copolymers are assessed. The mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of graft copolymers of chitosan with oligolactides/polylactides is considered in more detail.
Novel polyethylene-and polypropylenebased electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing composite materials with low combustibility, enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, containing graphite, grinded wood, and fire retardants, were developed and investigated. Flame-resistance, thermal and mechanical properties of these materials was investigated. Electromagnetic wave reflection coefficients over the frequency range 20-40 GHz were measured; at moderate concentration (10-15%) of functional filler, reflection coefficient can be as low as À16 dB for PE and À11 dB for PP composite, respectively. Coke formation mechanism was investigated, the principal role in this process is attributed to aromatization and condensation of aromatic compounds with the formation of polycyclic aromatic systems, an important role of phosphoric acids in accelerating this process was found.
Novel PE- and PP-based electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing materials with
low combustibility, enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, containing graphite, grinded wood
and fire retardants, were developed and investigated. Their flame-resistance, thermal and
mechanical properties are investigated. Electromagnetic wave reflection coefficients of the materials
over the frequency range 20-40 GHz were measured; despite low concentration (10%) of functional
filler, reflection coefficient can be as low as -15 dB.
Criteria of incombustibility of polymeric composites are formulated: thermochemical, kinetic,
thermal, physical and mass transfer. These criteria allowed to set up the principles of decreasing
combustibility of polymeric composites. Materials requirements, allowing to choose the most
effective shielding and fireproof systems for multicomponent composites, containing polymers,
wood and other fillers, were formulated.
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