In order to evaluate and improve the efficiency of the process of grinding, various investigations are conducted, based on the relevant research methodology. One of them is the method in which the crushed sample is subjected to single stroke loads. On this basis, the influence of the geometric features of the chipper system and the dynamic process on the efficiency of the grinding is determined. Charpy hammers instrument were used to perform these modifications so that the momentary force of the resistance could be recorded with varying sample alignment, blade geometry changes and others. In addition, it was proposed to use a super fast camera (up to 1200 fps) to record the deformation of the sample and its destruction, in order to interpretation the burdens there. Under such idealized conditions, a range of variables has been identified that significantly affect the reduction of energy demand during grinding.
In recent years, the offshore wind power industry has been growing dynamically. A key element which decides upon power output of a wind power plant is blades. They are most frequently produced from polymers – laminates with epoxy resins and fiberglass. In the near future, when the blade life cycles are over, large amounts of waste material of this type will have to be reused. This paper presents a comparison analysis of the impact of particular material existence cycle stages of land-based and offshore wind power plant blades on the environment. Two wind power plant blades, of about 49 m in length each, were examined using the LCA method, the programme SimaPro, and Ekowskaźnik 99 modelling (phase LCIA).
Authors of the study propose the method aiming at determination of design properties of a multi-edge grinder. This method is based on a genetic algorithm and its purpose is to optimise the geometric shape of the cutting edges. The input data include population of individuals. Each individual is represented by a set of cutting disks. Whereas the fitness function was assumed as a combination of several postulates of the mechanical design foundations. Those postulates include mechanical, design and energy metrics. Each individual constitutes a complete solution of the disk set whereas the population represents the entire class of solutions. The fitness function of an individual is calculated as the fitness average of each disk supplemented by information describing the relationship between both disks and discs. The method for calculating function values was selected to ensure its maximisation in the process of evolution. Despite promising results of the genetic algorithms operation, one can consider improvement of the method efficiency. The authors used morphological operations in order to better adjust the method to the task. Results of the simulations were verified in laboratory conditions with positive effects.
Abstract.A general monitoring methodology applicable to plastics recyclates grinding processes development for energy engineering, has been presented in this work. The method includes two beings: mathematical aiding an invention and working of a novelty. The common set is composed of characteristics, structure, relationships of knowledge about states and transformations, effectiveness and progress of the devices and machinery engineering, e.g. breaking up in the energymaterials recycling process. This innovations theory is identified by the valuation, estimation, testing and creative archiving the elaborated character and structure of the invention and grinders construction development. NOMENCLATUREER -total energy consumption, J, ĒR -non efficiencies of process milling, J, ET -kinetic energy of working element (discs) after deformation of (Pw), J, Em.-kinetic energy of material particles, after grinding, J, Ep -energy used for wastes performing deformation work, J, kj -coefficient resistances of running idle, kg· s -1 , vr -grinding velocity of disc edges, m· s -1 , σmax -maximal stresses in grinding area between edges of discs, waste particles, N· m -2 , S-, Sr ' -area of first and second holes between discs, drums, plates section, m 2 , ε -coefficient of proportion, N·s 2 ·m -4 , t -grinding time of relative field section, s, S -effectiveness of motor, -, P -effectiveness of gear, -, end -factor of ending energy value, described on the ground of products grinding analysis for waste materials, -, start -factor of starting energy value, before grinding, Ebrutto -gross energy of wastes (polymers -45MJ·kg -1 ), MJ·kg -1 .
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