Active monitoring as cognitive control of grinders design

Abstract

Abstract.A general monitoring methodology applicable to plastics recyclates grinding processes development for energy engineering, has been presented in this work. The method includes two beings: mathematical aiding an invention and working of a novelty. The common set is composed of characteristics, structure, relationships of knowledge about states and transformations, effectiveness and progress of the devices and machinery engineering, e.g. breaking up in the energymaterials recycling process. This innovations theory is identified by the valuation, estimation, testing and creative archiving the elaborated character and structure of the invention and grinders construction development. NOMENCLATUREER -total energy consumption, J, ĒR -non efficiencies of process milling, J, ET -kinetic energy of working element (discs) after deformation of (Pw), J, Em.-kinetic energy of material particles, after grinding, J, Ep -energy used for wastes performing deformation work, J, kj -coefficient resistances of running idle, kg· s -1 , vr -grinding velocity of disc edges, m· s -1 , σmax -maximal stresses in grinding area between edges of discs, waste particles, N· m -2 , S-, Sr ' -area of first and second holes between discs, drums, plates section, m 2 , ε -coefficient of proportion, N·s 2 ·m -4 , t -grinding time of relative field section, s, S -effectiveness of motor, -, P -effectiveness of gear, -, end -factor of ending energy value, described on the ground of products grinding analysis for waste materials, -, start -factor of starting energy value, before grinding, Ebrutto -gross energy of wastes (polymers -45MJ·kg -1 ), MJ·kg -1 .

Mechanical and Processing Properties of Rice Grains

“…Such a diversification can indicate low quality of the grain and poor conditions of cultivation. 3 Minimal compressive stress, 4 Maximal compressive stress, 5 Stiffness, 6 Work for the first rupture, 7 Rupture work.…”

“…The strength properties of grains have a significant impact on the energy demand of grinders [1][2][3][4]. During grinding of grains in a five-disc mill, a complex state of stress occurs in the material, with shear and compressive stresses prevailing [5,6].…”

“…Minimal crushing force, 2 Maximal crushing force,3 Minimal compressive stress,4 Maximal compressive stress,5 Stiffness,6 Work for the first rupture,7 Rupture work.…”

Simulations CAE of wood pellet machine

“…where: Pelleting process may be used an annular or flat die. Usually it is preceded by grinding, thanks to which an appropriate degree of material disintegration is obtained [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In any case, the biomass is fed into the drum, wherein one or more press rollers are pressed to the cylindrical holes of the matrix.…”

The use of CAD applications in the design of shredders for polymers

“…With such implementations we can improve parameters using CAD tools as well as monitor parallel the grinding process, energy requirements as a measure of the energy required for grinding weight of 1 kg material [7,8]. For fine grinding, the unit energy requirement is between 20 to 30 kW·h/Mg, and for very small increases up to 800 kW·h/Mg (for current designs) [9,10]. So high values are not conducive to lowering overall expenditures for shredding in both the manufacturing and the recycling of plastics.…”