A retrospective review of 114 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder presenting in Glasgow between 1964 and 1978 is described with emphasis on treatment and survival. Ninety-seven patients (92.4%) were found to have invasive tumours (T2-T4) at diagnosis. Metastatic disease was confirmed in only 10 patients (8.8%). Only 23.8% of patients were alive one year after diagnosis, the overall 5-year survival rate being 1.9%. The 5-year survival rates for patients with T2 and T3 disease following radical radiotherapy were 16.7 and 4.8% respectively. No conclusions concerning the role of total cystectomy could be drawn from this series because of the small number of patients undergoing the operation, but a review of the literature suggests this may be the treatment of choice.

(1970) have shown the pathological basis for this distinction, but it is less clear whether investigation in life can assist in separating the two groups. The numerous electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of normal and demented old people have been reviewed by Busse and Wang (1965), but in many of them dementia from vascular disease has either been excluded, or not differentiated from that due to other causes.Computerised tomography (CT) can show cerebral atrophy by demonstrating increased ventricular size and sulcal widening, and has largely replaced pneumoencephalography as a safe, non-invasive technique for the investigation of dementia Huckman et al., 1975;.

The influence of stimulation of the cervical sympathetic chain on the response of cerebral blood flow to hypertension induced by the intravenous infusion of angiotensin was studied in anaesthetised baboons. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the intracarotid 133Xenon injection technique. Possible lesions of the blood-brain barrier were studied by injecting Evans blue towards the end of the experiment and ischaemic brain damage was assessed following perfusion fixation. In a control group of five baboons blood flow increased by 53 +/- 9% (mean +/- S.E.) from the base line values in the arterial pressure range 130-159 mm Hg. In four baboons subjected to unilateral sympathetic stimulation flow increased by 16 +/- 4% in the same pressure range. In three baboons subjected to bilateral sympathetic stimulation there were no significant increases in flow until the arterial pressure had increased above 159 mm Hg. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the parietooccipital regions was only seen in the control animals but not in the stimulated baboons. Ischaemic brain damage was not observed with the exception of one small lesion in a single stimulated baboon. These findings provide strong support for the observations of Bill and Linder (1976) that activation of the cervical sympathetic can modify the level at which breakthrough of cerebral blood flow occurs in association with systemic hypertension.