Electroencephalography and computerised tomography in vascular and non-vascular dementia in old age.

Roberts, Margaret; McGeorge, A; Caird, F. I.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.41.10.903

Cited by 74 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several conventional and quantitative EEG stud ies in AD have shown slowing of the background activity and the appearance of diffuse theta and delta activity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Studies of rCBF and cerebral metabolism in de mented patients have yielded parallel findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…In AD slowing of the EEG has been observed in many studies based on conventional and quantitative EEG methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], With a few exceptions [3,5], the results of quantitative studies have shown that the most constant abnormality is an increase in the power of the theta and delta frequency bands [4,[6][7][8]10,13,14,[16][17][18]. Reports on the power of the alpha and beta frequency bands have been less concordant, some authors finding a decrease in the power of both frequency bands [8,13,17,18], others a decrease in the power of the alpha band [10,15,20], and again others a decrease in the power of the beta band [3-5, 14, 16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative EEG Mapping, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Neuropsychological Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

Passero

Rocchi²,

Vatti³

et al. 1995

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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The relations between quantitative EEG, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), severity of disease and neuropsychological data were analyzed in 31 patients in different stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a group the demented patients had higher delta and theta activities, lower alpha activity and lower alpha peak frequency than control subjects. rCBF was reduced in all regions studied but mainly in the temporoparietal areas. An analysis of correlations showed a close relationship between rCBF and certain quantitative EEG Parameters in AD patients, mainly the power of the theta and delta bands. Both rCBF evaluation and quantitative EEG provide functional information related to the severity of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative EEG Mapping, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Neuropsychological Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

Passero

Rocchi²,

Vatti³

et al. 1995

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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show abstract

“…Cortical atrophy cor related with dementia severity in a few investigations [33,39], but there were also reports which did not corroborate these results [30,32,38,40,41], Similar assessments were rarely performed in V D . Three studies found measures o f ventricular size correlated with the degree of dementia [39][40][41], two describe correlations with sulcal enlarge ment [39. 42], This paper for the first time uses linear and volumetric MR measurements for evaluating such relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia and Normal Aging

Schmidt

1992

Eur Neurol

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MRI scans of 27 patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (mean age 68.2 years), 31 patients with vascular dementia (mean age 69.9 years) and 18 normal controls (mean age 66.3 years) were compared to evaluate possible distinguishing parenchymal abnormalities among these groups. Atrophy was quan-titated by subjective rating, linear and volumetric measurements. A number of findings were significantly more common in vascular dementia than in the other subsets. These included (1) basal ganglionic/thalamic hyperintense foci, (2) thromboembolic infarctions, (3) confluent white matter and (4) irregular periventricular hyperintensities. Signal abnormalities on intermediate T₂-weighted scans in the uncal-hippocampal or insular cortex were frequently and almost exclusively noted in Alzheimer’s disease. Moderate and severe cortical and ventricular atrophy and a third ventricular to intracranial width ratio larger than 7 % were good discriminators between demented groups and normally aging controls. Selective atrophy measurements, however, failed to separate dementia syndromes. These results suggest that MRI has the potential to increase the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.

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“…in a re cent epidemiological study in Sweden, differ ences in diagnostic criteria were found to lead to a great variation in the prevalence of VaD [3]. Likewise, ischemic infarcts have been de scribed as varying from 20 to 90% of the patients with VaD and from 0 to 37% of the patients with AD [7,[22][23][24]. Depending on which criterion was used, ischemic infarcts on CT scans were found in our study in 45-100% of the patients diagnosed as having VaD, and in 0-13% of the patients with AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Seven Sets of Criteria Used for the Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia

et al. 1996

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At least seven different sets of criteria are commonly used for the diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD). These are the ischemic scales (IS) of Hachinski, Rosen and Loeb, the criteria from the DSM-III-R, those outlined by Erkinjuntti et al., the State of California Alzheimer''s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) and the international workgroup of the American National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the European ''Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l''Enseignement en Neurosciences''. To investigate the differences and similarities of these criteria, we applied them to a sample of 124 demented patients from the Maastricht Memory Clinic. Only 8 patients were diagnosed as having VaD by all criteria. Depending on which criteria were used, the frequencies of VaD and Alzheimer''s disease (AD) ranged from 6 to 32%, and from 48 to 56%, respectively. The IS of Hachinski and Rosen resulted in the highest frequencies of VaD, whereas the criteria of Erkinjuntti and those from the ADDTC and the NINDS workgroup yielded the lowest. The number of patients with VaD was reduced substantially when neuroradiological data and the temporal relationship between stroke and dementia were taken into consideration. We conclude that the seven sets of criteria cannot be regarded as interchangeable. Differences in the criteria for VaD and AD may be an overlooked source of interstudy variance.

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Electroencephalography and computerised tomography in vascular and non-vascular dementia in old age.

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Quantitative EEG Mapping, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Neuropsychological Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

Quantitative EEG Mapping, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, and Neuropsychological Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia and Normal Aging

Comparison of Seven Sets of Criteria Used for the Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia

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