In this paper, a modified analytical method, based on Maxwell's equations is developed to calculate core losses for a wide range of magnetic flux density and frequency. In this method average permeability from experiments and some available material's features are used to calculate both hysteresis and eddy current losses analytically. This method takes the skin effect into account and the real value of permeability, is defined to improve the method accuracy. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity and accuracy especially for higher values of frequency and magnetic flux density in comparison with the other methods. Finally the simulation results are verified by experimental results.
Purpose
– Electrical energy distribution systems must be low losses systems in order to enhance the system efficiency. Therefore, it is preferred to distribute electrical energy by bus-ducts in the place of cables over all energy levels and decrease the losses. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a comprehensive survey of various aspects of bus-ducts design including electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal. Advantages and disadvantages of different available design techniques are reviewed.
Design/methodology/approach
– Different works on various bus-based power transmission and distribution systems are reviewed. Generally these are done in three categories including systems modeling methods, heat transfer in the systems, short circuit and electromagnetic force. The attempt is made to provide geometrical and materials specifications in order to present the analyzed system well.
Findings
– Different types of bus-ducts from used materials, voltage level and insulation types are reviewed. Bus-duct modeling techniques are introduced which can be easily applied for bus-ducts design. Electromagnetic field distribution, thermal pattern inside and outside of the bus-duct in normal and short circuit modes and finally mechanical considerations are dominant factors which must be taken into account in the bus-ducts design. This leads to an optimal design of bus-ducts which prolong the life span of the bus-ducts fixed in the installations.
Originality/value
– This paper for the first time systematically reviews the latest state of arts in the design of bus-ducts for efficient electrical energy distribution. It summarizes a variety of design techniques applicable to bus-ducts design.
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