A significant problem in the dairy farming industry is the decrease in the livestock reproductive capacity due to the ovaries physiological functions violation. This study examines the lipids, proteins and carbohydrates metabolism state, depending on the sexual cyclicity recovery in animals degree, while observing adequate feeding. For the experiment, 16 new-calving Holstein-Friesian cows with an average annual milk yield of 9.5 thousand kg were selected, divided into 2 equal groups, depending on the ovulatory function resumption. All animals received a balanced diet. Blood was taken on days 6, 12, 19, 40 and 68 after calving. Blood serum was separated and the total protein and individual fractions content, as well as the creatinine, urea, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose amount, were determined. To determine the hormonal status, the content of estradiol and progesterone was examined. The reproductive organs condition was assessed using transrectal palpation and using an ultrasound apparatus. We found that cows with ovarian dysfunction are characterized by protein and glucose globulin fraction decreased concentrations in the blood, increased creatinine content and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad system hormone-producing function inhibition. With an accuracy of 87.5%, the glucose threshold level in the blood serum was revealed, at which ovarian dysfunction can be predicted: a decrease in fertility in cows is observed at a rate of <2.2 mmol/l. Taking into account the previous studies results, further research expediency on finding the hormonal and metabolic status relationship with ethology typological features and the central nervous system state is substantiated.
This work examines how the postpartum suppression of ovulatory function in dairy cows is linked to their serum hormonal and cytokine profile. The concentrations of progesterone (P 4 ), estradiol-17β (E 2 ), testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in blood was determined via enzyme immunoassay. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), insulin-like factor (IGF-1) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured using Bovine Elisa kits (Cloud-Clone Corp., USA). The animals were divided into two groups: cows with a normal pattern of reproductive cyclicity resumption; cows with the suppressed function of the ovaries. It was found that cows with ovarian hypofunction had problems with the conversion of DHEAS into testosterone and estradiol-17β. There was no pre-ovulatory surge of estrogen in such cows. They also had lower hormone levels. The levels of DHEAS were lower by 22.8 to 25.0%. Meantime, the levels of estradiol-17β were lower by 27.3 to 55.6%, and the levels of testosterone were lower by 15.4 to 50.0%. Levels of TNF α in cows with ovarian hypofunction were 1.43 to 2.07 times higher compared with controls. TNF α stimulated the production of IL-1β, causing its serum concentrations to increase by 1.24 to 2.48 times. Meanwhile, the serum levels of IGF in cows with ovarian hypofunction were 1.58 to 2.65 times lower, indicating a decreased hormone-producing function of the gonads and a decline in insulin production. Serum AMH concentration in such cows was 1.20 to 1.92 times lower the first 2 months after calving, indicating that reproductive cycles were abnormal and that no mature follicles were present.
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