It is necessary to predict the number of hunting animals under the conditions of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors the habitat and economic use, for rational and inexhaustible their use. Understanding changes in the number of hunting animals is an important tool for managing hunting resources. Predicting of the number of hunting animals in the region as a rule, is based on trend models of population dynamics. In practice, the calculation and constructive method and the method of mathematical modeling have become the most widespread in predicting the population of hunting animals in dynamics. The computational and constructive method is based on the use of correlation and regression models, but it does not take into account the main indicators of population size formation: the fertility rate, which is formed on the basis of the specic weight of males, the percentage of yeldness and the number of calves (young animals) in the calving (litter), and the livability depending on the percentage of natural death and losses from poaching. The method of mathematical modeling involves the compilation of mathematical models and conducting model experiments to predict the number of species of hunting animals in dynamics. The relevance of this mathematical analysis lies in its multifactorial nature and rather high reliability. In the eld of predicting the number of hunting animals the modied P. H. Leslie model is of particular interest. The purpose of the work was to predict the number of wild ungulates (roe deer, elk, maral and spotted deer) in the Zavidovo State Complex in the Tver region until 2035. The use of the modied P. H. Leslie model makes it possible to predict the development of hunting animal populations both in the Zavidovo State Complex as a whole and in individual hunting areas with precise adjustment of models according to area parameters.
The study of the craniums of Siberian cattle has been carried out in the article. The research was carried out by researchers of the State Museum of Animal Husbandry named after E. F. Liskun of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”. The purpose of the work was to analyze the craniological features of Siberian cattle from the collection of the State Museum of Animal Husbandry named after E. F. Liskun. The craniums of Siberian cattle collected by the expedition under the direct supervision of E. F. Liskun in 1910 served as the material for research. Unfortunately, to date not all craniums of this breed have been preserved in the museum’s collection, but morphological and craniometric studies conducted to a greater extent reveal the scientifi c aspects of craniology. The data of craniological measurements of Siberian cattle craniums collected more than 100 years ago clearly reveal the issues of the origin and formation of the breed. Siberian cattle had a number of valuable qualities that must be carefully considered, improved during purebred breeding and preserved during crossbreeding. It was the dairy cattle with highest fat content in milk among domestic cattle breeds in the beginning of twentieth century. The formation of local Siberian cattle was infl uenced by environmental conditions, as well as livestock breeds brought by Russian settlers. Based on the linear values of measurements of individual parts of the cranium and the study of the morphological features of the animal, Siberian cattle were assigned to one craniological type, and according to the measurements of the head it was divided into three groups. The craniums of cows and oxen within the same Siberian group of cattle diff ered slightly from each other in size. The main reasons for the diff erences in the cranium of Siberian cattle were the physical and geographical location of the habitat areas, natural and climatic conditions, as well as the cattle crossbreeding.
The article discloses trends and prospective directions of developing international tourism in Russia, as well as in the world. The quantity of international tourism arrivals in the world on the period from 2000 to 2013 years is analyzed. On the base statistics information of UNWTO ten countries-leaders of international tourism arrivals highlighted. Accordingly for highlighted ten countries profitability tourist activities for each of them was analyzed of. Resources located on the territory of Russia for providing and developing of cultural tourism was shortly described and summarized. Dynamics of entrance tourism in Russia and in the world analysed. The author further analyzed and highlighted top countries of entrance tourism in Russian Federation. It was theoretically identified the main priorities for the short and long prospects entrance tourism. The direct and indirect contribution of tourism to employment by ten countries-leaders of entrance tourism was estimated, effect of tourism on the economy of the Russian Federation was defined.
Within the theoretic approach the paper reveals the prospects of domestic tourism development based on the utility of Internet technologies. Described are the main advantages of domestic tourism for the government and the tourists themselves. Various data on preferences of Russian tourists is provided. Further the author compares the share of the RF citizens, who have undertaken domestic tourist trips, against the correspondent average indicator for the European countries. The share of tourism in the DGP of the RF is analyzed against the correspondent indicator for the leading tourist countries of the world. Also considered are the main sources of information, used by European and Russian tourists to decide on a tourist trip. The purposes of using Internet resources, when organizing a tourist trip around Russia, are outlined.
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