Improvements have been made to chemotherapies because drugs are still not reaching the tumor site at effective doses and are often associated with high systemic toxicities and poor pharmacokinetics. The nanotechnology allows more effective and less toxic chemotherapy. It has been shown that, many anticancer drugs are not able to penetrate more than 40-50 mm (equivalent to combined diameter of 3-5 cells from the vasculature). These defects lead to incomplete tumor response, multiple drug resistance and therapeutic failure. The best way to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of a cancer drug is to direct the drug to its target and maintain its concentration at the site for a sufficient time for therapeutic action to take effect. Cu(II), Zn(II) and mixed Cu(II) /Zn(II) nano complexes center on opportunities for improving this process. Nano complexes of bioactive ligands had been prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The electron microscopic data confirmed the nanoform of these complexes in the range (12.2 -85.0 nm). Invitro antitumor activity of the complexes had been studied against breast cancer cell lines and the IC50 values were detected to show that the order of the cytotoxic effect was complex (4) (Cu(II) acetate) > complex (1) (Cu(II) chloride) > complex (2) (mixed Cu(II)/Zn(II) acetate) > complex (3), (Zn(II) acetate). The invivo cytotoxicity of the complexes showed that, the complexes have no side effects after six weeks was confirmed by clinical and histopathological studies. The results augur well for breast cancer treatment.
The present experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves powder on the performance, some blood serum components, some histomorphological measurements and economic efficiency of broiler chickens. A total of 225 Cobb unsexed one -day old broiler chicks, were distributed at random into 5 treatments each in 3 replicates, 15 chicks each. Moringa Oleifera leaves powder (MOL) was added at the levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% to low crud protein diet (LCP, 20 and 17%, negative control) compared to the normal crud protein (23 and 20%, positive control), respectively at the starter (1-21 d) and at the finisher (22-35d) period. Results indicated that, chicks fed the low crude protein diet supplemented with Moringa Oliefera leaves powder (MOL) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher body weight, body weight gain, daily feed intake and performance index. Feed conversion ratio, European efficiency index and relative economic efficiency were also improved with the supplementation. Chicks fed low crude protein diet supplemented with 0.25 or 0.50% MOL have the highest dressing weight (1753 and 1738g) with no significant differences between them compared and increased serum total protein and glucose levels, while significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and aspartic transaminase (AST) enzyme compared to the other treatments with increasing the levels of MOL up to 0.50%. Morphological sections of small intestine revealed that villi height, width and height: width ratios were increased by the supplementation of different levels of MOLM (0.25 and 0.50%) but not significant except in duodenum villi width and in the ration between height and width.In general, the obtained results indicated that supplementation of 0.25% Moringa Oliefera Leaves, MOL can be used in broiler diets with low protein level to get the heaviest weight, best feed conversion, performance index, due to an increase in small intestinal absorption and activity. This, in turn, resulted in an increase in European efficiency index and economic efficiency under the experimental conditions.
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