imited research suggests the effect of brown seaweed in animal nutrition for improving gut health and performance, but there isn't any research suggests the effect of oral liquid seaweeds brown algae in broiler nutrition. So, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid brown seaweed algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) supplementation on broiler chick's performance and their intestine histology. The experimental chicks (total number of 120, one-day old, Indian River chicks) were used and fed the same diets during the experimental period (1-35 days). Brown seaweed algae were added in fresh water at the concentrations of 0 and 1 ml/ liter fresh water. Results indicated that chicks received 1 ml liquid brown algae/1 liter of drinking fresh water had the greatest body weight gain, better feed conversion ratio, significant increases in total protein, albumin, and globulin and significantly decreases in total lipids and total cholesterol than that in the control chicks. On the other hands, water consumption and relative weight of carcass were not significantly affected by the algae supplementation. Histological observations concluded that birds, which received brown algae in drinking fresh water, had better intestinal health in terms of welldeveloped villi with their columnar epithelial lining, which indicative of an increase of the digestive and absorptive surface area leading to better nutrient utilization. These results suggested that liquid brown algae have a beneficial effects on the growth performance, intestinal development without any side effects and we can replace it with powder brown algae in broiler chicks, but we need more researches to confirm this item.

total number of 120, 1d old unsexed chicks were randomly distributed and divided equally into 4 dietary treatment groups with 3 replicates each. All broiler chickens were kept under similar managerial conditions. Basal starter and finisher diets were supplemented with two types of organic acids as follows: T1: basal diet (control, without supplementation), T2: basal diet + 2% citric acid (CA), T3: basal diet + 1% acetic acid (AC) and T4: basal diet + 1% citric acid + 0.5% acetic acid. Two cornsoybean based basal diets were formulated to be fed during starter (1 to 21 d, 22.13% CP and 3088 Kcal ME/ kg diet) and finisher (22 to 42 d, 19.82% CP and 3154 Kcal ME/ kg diet) periods. Growth performance parameters, feed conversion ratio, some carcass characteristics and some lymphoid organs were estimated. Some blood parameters (total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, ALT and AST) and histomorphological samples and parameters were determined at 42 day. Also, European productive and economic efficiency were calculated. Results indicated that; chicks fed diets supplemented with a mixture of citric acid (1%) and acetic acid (0.5%) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the highest values of body weight, body weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio, while recorded the lowest feed intake compared to the other treatments. Moreover, using mixture of supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved performance index (PI) in comparison with the control treatment. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) beneficial effect of citric acid and acetic acid or their mixture as feed supplementation were found concerning dressing, giblets and some immune organs percentages at 42d of age compared to the control group. Mixture of citric acid and acetic acid supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased some serum biochemical constituents (total protein, albumin, globulin and liver enzyme; ALT), while, total lipids and cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased. Histomorphological sections of the small intestine revealed villi height and villi widths were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with the supplementation of organic acid alone or in their mixture compared to the control group. Also, the mixture of 1% CA + 0.5% AC supplementation had beneficial effects on economical efficiency. In conclusion, there are some beneficial effects of using a mixture of citric acid and acetic acid (1% citric acid + 0.5% acetic acid) in the diets of chicks on productive performance, carcass traits, with no harm effect on health under experimental conditions.

No abstract

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Polyzyme supplementation in low crude protein diets on Molar ducks on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood serum parameters, some histomorphological measurements, economic efficiency and European efficiency index. Two hundred and forty, un-sexed one day old White Molar duck chicks were used and assigned to eight groups nearly similar in average body weight, (3 replicates of 10 birds each). Polyzyme was added at the levels (0, 1, 2 and 3g/ Kg diet) to the low crude protein content that was used as a negative control (18 and 16 % CP) and the diet with normal content of crude protein, which was used as the positive control (20 and 18% CP) treatment during the periods of starter (1-21 days) and finishing (22-70 days), respectively. Results indicated that, ducks fed negative control + 3g Polyzyme/ Kg diet having the significantly higher body weight compared to the control groups. Birds fed the negative control diet with different levels of polyzyme had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) consumed more feed than the negative control diet without supplementation at 10 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index (PI) were improved in birds fed negative control diet with 3g Polyzyme/ Kg diet, (T 4 ). Addition of graded levels of Polyzyme to Molar diets was significantly affecting some carcass traits and increased both serum glucose and AST activity, cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids compared to the negative control group but significantly reduced serum createnine. Morphological sections of Molar small intestine revealed that villi height, width and villi height : villi width are significantly increased with the Polyzyme supplementation levels up to the level of 3 g/ kg diet and tend to decrease after that, but still better than the negative control group. In general, and through the results obtained from feeding White Molar duck chicks from one day to 10 weeks of age on low crude protien diets (18 and 16%) with addition of different levels of commercial Polyzyme mixture (1, 2 and 3g/ Kg diet) improved growth performance due to increased activity of the small intestine and rate of nutrient absorption. The european efficiency ratio and performance index were improved when adding 3g Polyzyme/ Kg diet (4 th treatment ), while the economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency were better (1.56 and 110.64, respectively) in the 2 nd treatment which chicks fed low crude protein diet +1g Polyzyme compared to the other trearments.

The suitability of treated jojoba seeds meal (Simmondsia chinensis) (JSM) as a partial and total substitute for dietary fish meal protein in the diets of fingerlings Nile tilapia was evaluated. Five experimental diets were formulated with JSM replacing 0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of fish meal protein (diets A, B, C, D and E, respectively). The control diet was prepared with fish meal as the sole source of protein. All the diets were isonitrogenous with 30.3% protein and isocaloric with 4.0 kcal/g of diet. Experimental diets were fed to two replicate groups of Nile tilapia with initial average body weight of 3.3 ± 0.01g. The feeding trial was conducted under laboratory conditions for a period of 16-week. The results of the present study revealed that, the fish fed diet B which contained 25% JSM had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) the best average body weight, gain in weight (g/fish), gain in weight %, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed consumed (g/fish) compared with those of fish fed control diet A (100% FM) and all other diets. Survival rate % of the fish fed experimental diets B and C were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet A. Chemical composition of fish flesh crude protein and crude fat (dry basis %) and apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein and crude fat of the fish fed experimental diets B and C did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet A. From the above results and the economic evaluation of the study it can be concluded that, up to 25 % of fish meal protein can be replaced by jojoba seed meal protein in fingerlings Nile tilapia diets without decreasing the growth performance and feed utilization parameters. More scientific research is needed to maximize the commercial benefit from JSM by other fish species.