The effect of the friction stir welding (FSW) parameters on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of A319 cast Al alloy has been investigated. Plates from the investigated alloy were welded together under different tool rotational (v) and welding (u) speeds. The results showed the possibility of welding and obtaining sound joints from A319 cast Al alloy using FSW. The welded zones exhibited many advantages over the base material (BM) such as, lower porosity content, extra fine non-dendritic a-Al grains, and extra fine more homogeneously dispersed Si particles. The size of both a-Al grains and Si particles was found to be increase by increasing both tool rotational and welding speeds. The welded joints showed better mechanical properties than the BM. It has been found that increasing the tool rotational speed and/or the welding speed reduces both the tensile and yield strengths of the welded joints, however, they still higher than of the BM. In contrast, increasing the aforementioned speeds tends to increase the ductility of the welded joints.

In this article, the heat treatment and dry sliding wear behavior of Al-based AA6063 alloy reinforced with both TiC and Al2O3 ceramic particles were studied. The particles were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) technique. The prepared composite alloy contains 5vol.%Al2O3 and 5vol.% TiC particles. The composite alloy was prepared by vortex method. To attain the peak hardness values of the alloys, age hardening behavior of the monolithic alloy and also the composite alloy was investigated. The wear tests were performed at room temperature using a pin-on-disk type apparatus. The results showed that the addition of TiC and Al2O3 particles increases the hardness of the AA6063 Al alloy and at the same time accelerates the aging kinetics. The sliding wear properties of AA6063 Al alloy were significantly improved by the addition of TiC and Al2O3 particles.

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In the below investigation, the impact of speed, feed, depth of cut, and workpiece hardness on the cutting temperature at tool-workpiece interface on hard-turning of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) H13 tool steel parts will be investigated. It is worth noticing that the inclusion of workpiece hardness as an input variable in discussing cutting temperature wasn't widely investigated in the literature. Dry cutting experiments were done and the outcomes showed that the cutting temperature is highly influenced by the workpiece hardness. Also, it was noted that though the effect of depth of cut is statistically insignificant, yet it was found that the cutting temperature is an increasing function of the cutting depth. Furthermore, a predictive model for predicting cutting temperature was developed using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) based on the inputs. The mean relative error was employed for testing the adequacy of the created predictive models, and its value was 3.56% and 0.844% for RSM and ANN respectively. Moreover, the new optimization algorithm, cuttlefish algorithm (CFA) was employed for optimizing the cutting temperature and the results were compared with those from the genetic algorithm (GA). The CFA obtained the best results at the least convergence rate.

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In the present investigation, the effect of the tool rotational speed as well as the conical angle on the quality of friction stir drilled holes in AA7075 aluminum alloy sheets was studied. The diameters of the developed holes, the bushing height and the bushing wall-thickness were measured to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned parameters on the dimensional accuracy of the holes and bushing. The holes were friction stir drilled using CNC machine at several tool rotational speeds of 3250, 3550 and 3900 rpm as well as using drill tools having different conical angles of 38 o , 42 o and 58 o . The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the level of significance of the investigated friction stir drilling process parameters on the aforementioned hole characteristics. The regression analysis models were developed to predict the hole diameters and bushing dimensions. The results revealed that the maximum hole diameter (15.35 mm), bushing height (7.92 mm) and wall-thickness (1.62 mm) were noticed for holes friction stir drilled using tool rotational speed and conical angle of 3250 rpm and 58 o , respectively. The conical angle has higher significant effect on hole diameter and the bushing wall-thickness than the spindle speed. While, for bushing height, the tool spindle speed exhibited higher significant effect than the tool conical angle.

Organizations use several standards and frameworks to sustain their supply chain performance improvement to be able to compete and cope with the fast changing market, where data-science and information became decisive to success, and continuity is crucial. Based on Business-IT alignment and Service Oriented Architecture "SOA". The research suggests a model that converges The Open Group Architecture Forum TOGAF framework with Lean Six Sigma "LSS" for performance and tasks improvement in industries and services Extended Supply Chain Operations. A TOGAF's Architecture Development Method "ADM" phases, iterations, features and information architecture mapped to LSS's DMAIC stages for a systematic processes wastes removal, knowledge creation and data-mining to develop a unified model that sustains supply chain efficiency and performance, pushes them to a new level of edge technology infrastructure, of service-bus, Data-Centers and Data-Hubs advantages of resiliency, business continuity and savings. Supply Chain measures identified as possible activities, based on knowledge accumulated and active ADM-phases. A literature review was followed to collect the common features, characteristics, principles and tools listings in the new model to achieve a full converged model of a continuous optimization nature.