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Phase equilibrium behavior of the system castor oil biodiesel + glycerol + methanol was studied to provide experimental data for the optimization of the separation downstream processes. Measurements of solubility were carried out for the ternary systems containing biodiesel derived from castor + glycerol + methanol at 298.15 K and + ethanol at (298.15 and 333.15) K. An increase of the system mutual solubility was observed with temperature. Binodal curves were determined by the cloud point using the titration method under isothermal conditions. The tie-lines for biodiesel + glycerol + methanol at 298.15 K were indirectly measured by analyzing the mixture density. The Othmer-Tobias correlation was used to ascertain the consistency of tie-line data. The results were correlated with the UNIQUAC model satisfactorily.

Direct contact between oil, gases, and water often occurs in petroleum reservoirs and in many refining operations, where the phase behavior study is fundamental to design and optimization. Accurate experimental data and thermodynamic models are required for a satisfactory prediction of phase equilibrium. The objective of this work is to obtain experimental solubility data for the system of carbon dioxide + hexadecane since this organic compound has properties similar to the average properties of Brazilian heavy oil. The carbon dioxide + water system was used to validate the experimental apparatus and to obtain additional data to complete literature reports. The operational conditions used were a temperature range from (303.2 to 323.2) K and a low-pressure range from (51.7 to 535.4) kPa. Moreover, the results were correlated using a simple thermodynamic model to describe the behavior of both systems, demonstrating satisfactory bubble point calculation measurements.

Soybean oil is the most consumed vegetable oil in the world, representing 54% of the total world production. Brazil is the second country in the world that produces and export soybean seeds, almost 20%. One of the most important by-product of the soybean oil is the deodorizer distillate, commonly known as soybean sludge. This residue is rich in many high value compounds as tocopherols, squalene and sterols. Tocopherols are the major components in the deodorized distillated due to their characteristics as an antioxidant agent. So, the objective of this work is to study the concentration of tocopherols presented in this raw material, using the operational conditions obtained from the equilibrium data and using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. The deodorizer distillate is a complex mixture of more than 200 components, so a synthetic mixture was chosen to represent the deodorizer distillate. The synthetic mixture used in this work is composed by tocopherols, fatty acids and squalene. The simulation was carried out using ASPEN+ simulator and the LCVM thermodynamic model was used to correlate the available equilibrium data

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-The objective of this work was the scientific development of concentration of vitamin E from deodorizer distillate of soybean oil (DDSO) using supercritical CO 2 . Vitamins and sterols rare produced synthetically, but recently the interest in their extraction from natural sources has increased. Therefore, the motivation behind this work was to concentrate the tocopherols from deodorizer distillate of soybean oil, thereby increasing the value of this by-product, rich in fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and squalene. The experimental step and the simulation of the process were done in a semi-batch mode using supercritical carbon dioxide. The operational conditions studied were temperatures of 40, 60 and 80ºC and pressures from 90 to 350 bar. The best results for concentration factor and efficiency and pressures were achieved in a continuous process where the operational variables were optimized.