Aim: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to exclusively present the surgical results of patients with type-I–III adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction thereby providing a basis for comparison with other approaches. Methods: 56 patients with Barrett’s carcinomas and 74 patients with cardial and subcardial tumors were operated on and evaluated. The surgical procedure for type-II/III carcinomas was identical: total gastrectomy, omentectomy and splenectomy with lymph node dissection after a combined left thoraco-abdominal incision. Both tumor entities were summarized into 1 group and compared with the results of surgery for Barrett’s carcinomas: subtotal esophagectomy and proximal stomach resection with lymph node dissection after right thoracotomy and an additional abdominal incision. Results: In 93% of all patients an R0 resection was possible. In patients with Barrett’s carcinomas pulmonal complications (41%) were the predominant postoperative problems. The 30-day lethality (5.3%) was higher in the group of patients with type-I carcinomas compared to those with type-II/III carcinomas (1.4%). Tumor infiltration and nodal involvement determined the prognosis after R0 resection. The presence of Barrett’s mucosa in type-I adenocarcinomas and the histological assessment according to Lauren’s classification into type-II/III carcinomas also influenced the long-term prognosis. Conclusion: After R0 resection it is not the tumor location but tumor infiltration, lymph node status and a differentiated histological assessment that determine the prognosis of patients with adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction.
The incubation period of eggs of Palpita unionalis ranged between 3 days (at 30° C) and 12 days (at 15° C). The mortality of eggs depended on the temperature. Larvae passed through 6 instars. The duration of the last instar was almost double the duration of the first. The shortest larval period (15.6 days) was obtained at 30° C. At 15° and 20° C, the mean durations of pupal stage were 31.2 and 17.1 days for males and 23.4 and 15.7 days for females. The most favourable relative humidity for moth emergence was 65%, at which 90% of normal moths emerged. Copulation took place at mid‐night, 24 hours after emergence, and lasted for 70 minutes on the average. Under laboratory conditions (27.5° C and 66.5% RH), the mean pre‐oviposition period of fertilized females was 2–4 days and oviposition period was 4–7 days. The total number of eggs laid per fertilized female averaged 414 with a maximum of 531 eggs per day, the highest number being laid during the first day. Unfertilized females laid approximately half the above number of eggs. Terminal rows of leaves were preferred by moths for egg laying and more than 60% of the eggs were laid singly. The longevity of moths was much affected by feeding but was slightly affected by mating. The sex ratio was 1:1. Under laboratory conditions, 9 generations per year were recorded. The shortest (26.2 days) and the longest (66.2 days) were recorded during July and November, respectively. A hymenopterous parasite, most probably Apanteles syleptae Ferr. was observed attacking larvae of this pest and was abundant from June to August. Zusammenfassung Zur Biologie des Olivenblattzünslers Palpita unionalis Hb. (Lep., Pyralidae) Die Eientwicklung von P. unionalis dauerte 3 Tage bei 30° C und 12 Tage bei 15° C. Die Eimortalität war von der Temperatur abhängig. Die Larven traten in 6 Stadien auf. Die Entwicklung der L6 war fast doppelt so lang wie die L1. Die kürzeste Gesamtlarvenzeit (15,6 Tage) wurde bei 30° C festgestellt. Bei 15 und 20° C betrug die mittlere Puppendauer 31,2 und 17,1 Tage für ♂ sowie 23,4 und 15,7 Tage für ♀ Puppen. Die optimale Luftfeuchtigkeit für das Schlüpfen der Falter lag bei 65%. Die Kopulation fand nachts statt, 24 Stunden nach dem Falterschlüpfen, und dauerte i. M. 70 Minuten. Unter Laborbedingungen betrug die mittlere Preovipositionsperiode 2 bis 4 Tage, die Ovipositionsperiode 4–7 Tage. Im Mittel legte ein ♀ 414 Eier ab mit einem Maximum von 166 Eiern pro Tag. Die meisten Eier wurden am ersten Tag abgelegt. Unbefruchtete ♀♀ legten nur etwa halb so viele Eier wie befruchtete ab. Zur Eiablage wurden die oberen Blattlagen bevorzugt. Etwa 60% der Eier wurden im einzelnen abgelegt. Die Lebensdauer der Falter wurde nur wenig durch die Begattung, aber stark durch die Imaginalernährung beeinflußt. Im Labor kam es zur Entwicklung von 9 Generationen im Jahr. Die kürzeste Generationsdauer (26,2 Tage) wurde im Juli, die längste (66,2 Tage) im November registriert. Als Parasit trat eine Apanteles‐Art auf, sehr wahrscheinlich A. syleptae Ferr., welche die Larven parasi...
The population of the green stink bug Nezara viridula L. was estimated by conducting periodic survey during the years 1975 and 1976. It was expressed as number per 100 double strokes. Overwintering adults resumed activity by mid of March, and the population attained its maximum by mid of April. The number of adults in either spring or late summer correlated closely with population size of nymphs. All nymphs developing in August produced adults that entered hibernal diapause. The insect had 4 generations in 1975, while only 3 generations were recorded in 1976. The overall sex ratio among field collected bugs was aproximately ♀: ♂, 1: 1. The effect of daily mean temperature, daily mean rel. humidity and day‐length on the population density of the green stink bug was investigated. A positive relationship was found between insect population density and each of daily mean temperature and day lenght, while rel. humidity showed different relations depending on season and year. The partial regression values and the percentages of the explained variance showed that the effect of the three climatic factors was high only in spring. These values also denote that there are other environmental and biological factors that play a great role in the variability of the population dynamic of the green stink bug population particularly during summer. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über die Phänologie und Ökologie von Nezara viridula L. (Heteropt.: Pentatomidae) Mittels periodischer Untersuchungen von 1975 bis 1976 wurden die Populationsdichte und ‐Änderungen (bezogen auf 100 Doppelschläge mit dem Käscher) von N. viridula erfaßt. Die überwinternden Adulten nahmen ihre Tätigkeit gegen Mitte März wieder auf. Die Population erreichte ihr Maximum um Mitte April. Die Zahl der Adulten im Frühjahr oder Spätsommer stand mit der Populationsgröße der Nymphen in engem Zusammenhang. Alle noch im August entwikkelten Nymphen ergaben Adulte, die in Winterdiapause gingen. Die Wanze hatte 1975 vier Generationen, 1976 nur drei. Das Geschlechterverhältnis betrug bei den gefangenen Tieren annähernd 1:1. Weiterhin wurden die Beziehungen der täglichen mittleren Temperatur, der täglichen mittleren LF und der Tageslänge zur Populationsdichte der Wanze untersucht. Eine positive Beziehung bestand zwischen der Dichte einerseits und der täglichen Mitteltemperatur bzw. Tageslänge andererseits, während die rel. LF nach Jahr und Saison schwankte. Die statistische Auswertung zeigte, daß die Wirkung der drei genannten abiotischen Faktoren eine wesentliche Rolle in der Populationsdynamik von N. viridula, hauptsächlich während des Sommers, spielen.
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