This experiment was undertaken to evaluate the potential impacts of supplementing two direct-fed microbial (DFM) products, namely Bactozyme and Ru-max, to the diet of 12 male Barki sheep (live body weight 46.6 ± 2.9 kg) on dry matter intake (DMI), apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation characteristics. The Bactozyme or Ru-max were supplemented at a rate of 1.0 g/head/day, mixed with the concentrate mixture. Animals were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups (n=4) and were subjected to the digestibility trails.The results showed that the inclusion of either products of DFM had no positive impact on DMI, but non-significantly improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP). However, the Bactozyme addition increased (P<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The enhancement of the apparent total tract digestibility of cell wall was not significant for the two of DFM products and a non-significant improvement in cell wall digestion due to the Ru-max supplementation over the control group was found. The DFM products had positive impacts on the average of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) but non significant in comparison with the untreated animals. In addition, the nitrogen balance was improved (P>0.05) by 8 and 13% due to Ru-max and Bactozyme supplementation, respectively in comparison with the control group. The results also revealed that inclusion of DFM products had no impacts on rumen pH 3.0 and 6.0 h after feeding but Bactozyme reduced (P<0.05) the rumen pH 1.0 h after feeding compared to the control group. The inclusion of Bactozyme and Ru-max increased (P>0.05) the NH 3 -N concentration in the rumen at 1.0 and 3.0 h after feeding but the Bactozyme decreased (P<0.05) the NH 3 -N concentration and increased the volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 6.0 h after feeding compared to the control group. Overall, results indicated that the two DFM products had positive impacts on cell wall digestibility, which in turn improves metabolic energy supply and nutrients utilization in ruminants as well.
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with anti-acaricide and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Humans and animals are exposed to DLM through the ingestion of polluted food and water, resulting in severe health issues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug of L-cysteine, the precursor to glutathione. It can restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Therefore, this research aimed to examine whether NAC may protect broiler chickens against oxidative stress, at the level of biochemical and molecular alterations caused by DLM intoxication. The indicators of liver and kidney injury in the serum of DLM-intoxicated and NAC-treated groups were examined. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase activity, and apoptotic gene expressions (caspase-3 and Bcl-2) were investigated. All parameters were significantly altered in the DLM-intoxicated group, suggesting that DLM could induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in hepato-renal tissue. The majority of the changes in the studied parameters were reversed when NAC therapy was used. In conclusion, by virtue of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, NAC enabled the provision of significant protection effects against DLM-induced hepato-renal injury.
HYSICO-CHEMICAL responses and antioxidants activity of …..peach fruit (Prunus persica, L.) cv. "Succary" stored at modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) using shrink film at room temperature (25°C) and cold storage (6°C) were investigated. Results indicated that the individual treatment with MAP or cold storage was found insufficient to delay ripening and to maintain quality for long period. The combination of MAP and cold storage (MAP+6°C) was an effective technique to delay fruit ripening and to extend storage period up to 31 days throughout a reduction in fruit weight loss, fruit softening and membrane damage, in addition to maintaining the activity of antioxidant enzymes )catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) at a high level. Peach (Prunus persica, L.) is one of the most important deciduous fruit tree grown in Egypt. In 2012, peach production reached about 107,171 tonnes (FAO, 2014). Postharvest handling of peach fruits is a challenge due to rapid deterioration. Peach storage at room temperature is very short (≈ 5 days) (Tonini and Tura, 1998), and this is due to rapid compositional changes and degradation processes, high respiration rate and water loss, and increased susceptibility to pathogens (Bonghi, 1999, An et al., 2007and Mohsen, 2011.Cold storage has been widely used to slow down ripening and senescence processes in fruit crops. In peach, cold storage may limit storage period due to fruit susceptibility to chilling injury (Lurie &Crisosto, 2005 andShinya et al., 2014) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Mittler et al., 2004 andScandalios, 2005). The accumulation of ROS in the cells results in damage of macro-molecules such as DNA, protein and lipids. The degree of damage HODA A. GALAL et al. Egypt. J. Hort. Vol. 43, No.2 (2016) 318 depends on the balance between ROS production and their removal by efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant scavenging system (Scandalios, 1993 andSies, 1997).In developing countries, cold storage requires special facilities, which may affect the final price of the commodity, so that some growers may use cold conditions during transportation, but not at local markets to lower the cost. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is one of the storage techniques that was developed to reduce postharvest loss and preserve fruit quality (An et al., 2007, Ozkaya et al., 2009and Pongener et al., 2011. Modified atmosphere generally reduces oxygen and elevates carbon dioxide concentration in the ambient atmosphere of the fruit. Under these conditions, the fruit respiration rate decrease, and hence the consumption of respiration substrates such as sugars and organic acids are reduced (Ding et al., 2002). Modified atmosphere packaging has some advantages on the storability of fruit and vegetables, since it improves membrane integrity and reduces the rate of water loss. It also prolongs the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as: superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase (Wang et al., 2005), inhibits the climacteric peak, reduces the development of...
Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in veterinary and agriculture. However, both animal and human exposure is associated with hepatorenal toxicity. Our experimental goal was to assess the protective effects of Spirulina plantesis (SP) against DM-induced hepato-renal injury, growth performance, meat chemical composition and its residues in meat, liver and skin of broiler chickens. Sixty one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were assigned to 4 experimental groups, each was divided into 3 replicates with five chicks each; 1st group received basal diet alone (Control), 2nd group supplemented with SP 20 g/kg diet, 3rd group supplemented with DM 300 mg/kg diet, and 4th group supplemented with DM and SP diet. All groups were received the treatment for 35 days. DM, decreased body weight, weight gain, and increased feed conversion rate. DM showed significant increase in ALT, AST, urea, creatinine and MDA and significant decrease in SOD, and GSH levels. Also, significant decrease in DM levels in meat, skin, and liver by SP with a reduction % 63.01, 63.00 and 62.90 % in meat, skin and liver, respectively. The DM intoxicated group showed significant decrease in protein and significant increase in fat, cholesterol and triglycerides when compared to control group. Histopathological changes were also recorded. Dietary SP improved these parameters parameters. Dietary inclusion of SP can be recommended due to the protective effects on DM induced toxicity in broiler chickens.
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