N-Acetylcysteine Alleviated the Deltamethrin-Induced Oxidative Cascade and Apoptosis in Liver and Kidney Tissues

Abstract

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with anti-acaricide and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Humans and animals are exposed to DLM through the ingestion of polluted food and water, resulting in severe health issues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug of L-cysteine, the precursor to glutathione. It can restore the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Therefore, this research aimed to examine whether NAC may protect broiler chickens against oxidative stress, at the level of biochemical and molecular alterations caused by DLM intoxication. The indicators of liver and kidney injury in the serum of DLM-intoxicated and NAC-treated groups were examined. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase activity, and apoptotic gene expressions (caspase-3 and Bcl-2) were investigated. All parameters were significantly altered in the DLM-intoxicated group, suggesting that DLM could induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in hepato-renal tissue. The majority of the changes in the studied parameters were reversed when NAC therapy was used. In conclusion, by virtue of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, NAC enabled the provision of significant protection effects against DLM-induced hepato-renal injury.

N- Acetyl Cysteine Versus Hesperidin as a Prophylactic Agent for Lambda - Cyhalothrin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

“…In our study liver sections of group (IV) showed very weak immuno-reaction for iNOS and Caspase 3. This agrees with Allam et al who confirmed that N-Acetyl Cysteine prevented the tissue damage caused by Deltamethrin by reversing the apoptotic reactions that the chemical caused in hepatic tissue (31) . Samuni et al detected that the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of N-acetyl cysteine are what make it protective against liver immunotoxicity and inflammation (32) .…”

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C on the liver of laying hens under chronic heat stress

“…It is well known that oxidative stress can damage the body's antioxidant and immune systems and trigger an inflammatory response ( 54 , 55 ). Inflammation and oxidative stress interact to cause a series of reactions called the oxidative inflammatory cascade, in which oxidative damage exacerbates the body's inflammatory response ( 54 , 55 ).…”

“…It is well known that oxidative stress can damage the body's antioxidant and immune systems and trigger an inflammatory response ( 54 , 55 ). Inflammation and oxidative stress interact to cause a series of reactions called the oxidative inflammatory cascade, in which oxidative damage exacerbates the body's inflammatory response ( 54 , 55 ). In an article by Jin et al ( 56 ), heat stress was shown to activate NF-κB and spur the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) that can damage and necrosis organisms ( 56 , 57 ).…”

The Complex Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Detoxification

“…For instance, the mechanism of action of organophosphate pesticides is to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which leads to an impaired connection between acetylcholine and its receptor in nerve and muscle cells. The toxicology research also shows that pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress and DNA, protein, and lipid damage, followed by adverse health and psychological effects [ 16 , 233 ].…”