In this study, an electric wheelchair that combines two controls: joystick analog and voice control is designed. IC MCP3008 is used to navigate wheelchairs by using Josytick, where joystick analog data will be converted into digital data. The movements resulted from the joystick analog on the xAxis axis (horizontally) are the right turn and left turn, and on the yAxis axis (vertically) are forward and backward. The movements on the yAxis and xAxis axes set by the user affects the speed of the wheelchair. Meanwhile, the AMR-Voice application on Android is used to navigate wheelchairs by using sound. There are five commands in this voice control: “Forward”, “backward”, “left”, “right”, “stop”. The order will be sent to Raspberry Pi 3 via the HC-06 module to then be recognized for the command. If the voice commands are received accordingly, Raspberry Pi 3 will provide an activation signal to the motor driver to move the wheelchair in the direction corresponding to the command given by the user. Voice control testing on wheelchairs is tested in quiet rooms and noisy rooms. The results of the wheelchair control testing with sound indicate that the accuracy and speed of the wheelchair response rely heavily on Internet connection and room conditions. The average response when the condition of the room is quiet is 0.16 s and when the condition of the room is noisy is 5.18 s. Wheelchairs with joystick control and the voice made can be used for the disabled, whether for those who can move their fingers or not, at a low cost so that they can be an alternative in developing countries.
The present article gives some results of a study of the effect of the production parameters on the properties of a quartz ceramic. For the starting materials, we used transparent and nontransparent vitreous silica culler, synthetic amorphous SiO2, culler from fired articles of nontransparent vitreous silica, and synthetic silica, for the preparation of the specimens.We obtained suspensions by single-stage or two-stage wet milling of the filler (methods I and II of the preparation); we also used suspensions containing specific sieve fraction of the filler (method Ill). In the single-stage milling the solid component and the water in the ratio (80-82) : (18-20)* were put into the mill and milled to a 0.5-1.0% concentration of fractions > 0.06 ram. In the two-stage method, the mill was loaded with 70% of solid components and water in the ratio (78-80) : (20)(21)(22), milled to a concentration of less than 0.2% >0.06 mm and then 30% of filler in the form of small pellets of the same material of particle size 0.3-1.2 mm was added to the supension obtained; the whole was then milled to an 8-10% concentration of fractions >0.06 ram. In order to obtain suspensions with this fraction interval of the filler, some of the material (45-50%) with a moisture content of 20-22% was milled to a concentration of less than 0.2% > 0.06 ram; the remaining filler (50-55%) in the form of pellets of grain size 0.3-1.2 mm were added to the obtained suspensions and the mixture was agitated for 1-2 h. Suspensions of glass and synthetic silica in a stabilized form were also used. The characteristics of the suspensions are given in Table 1.The specimens were prepared from the suspensions by casting in gypsum molds using a pouring method. The specimens were fired in a small electric furnace with silicon carbide heaters. The temperature in the furnace was raised to 350~ at a rate of 70-100~ and then to the final temperature at a rate of 100-130~ In order to make the temperature uniform in the furnace space, the final temperature was maintained for 1 h. The specimens were then cooled to 60-70~ over a period of 5-6 h.The following characteristics of the specimens were determined: the shrinkage; ultimate bend, and extensive strengths; water absorption; degree of sintering (from the brilliance of the fracture); and the thermal shock resistance (heating to 1200~ into water at 10-12~The ultimate bend strength was determined on specimens in the form of rods, 8 mm in diameter and 60 mm long, in the Ivanov apparatus. The average results from tests on five specimens were calculated (Fig. 1). After heating to 800~ the strength of the specimens was virtually unchanged. The maximum ultimate bend strength was found in most specimens after firing at 1200~With a further increase in temperature, the strength of most of the specimens decreases. The exceptions are specimens Nos. 1 and 8 whose strength continues to increase with an increase in temperature. For some of the specimens (Nos. 2-5 and 7), %end again increases after the reduction.The differences in stre...
At the present time quartz ceramics made from opaque fused quartz (quartz glass) are widely used ~r~ many industries and in science and technology. The main raw material for this glass is quartz sand. In view of the limited stocks of quartz sands of pure grades and the high demand for them in other industries, a study was made of the possibility of using low grades, and also quartz materials, obtained in the form of waste products on intermediate components from the processing of complex ores.A study was made of the possibility of preparing quartz ceramics from opaque fused quartz by fusing Vo! Lnogorsk enriched molding sand. The mass proportion of silica in the sand was 99.2~0. The sand was fused by two methods: in the continuous-action furnace PS-65L with tungsten heaters, and in the periodic-action furnace OKB-3333 with graphite heaters in the form of rods passing along the axis of the heating tube.In the first case heating was done in a molybdenum crucible; drawing of the stream of melt was done through a molybdenum orifice. Loading of the raw materials into the furnace and drawing the melt in the form of a tube or rod was done continuously. To protect the molybdenum and tungsten components from oxidation, a reducing atmosphere was created in the furnace.In the second case loading of the raw materials into the furnace and extraction of the molten glass in the form of a block with a sand skin was done periodically.Tubes and rods obtained from glass fused in the PS-65L furnace were ground in roller crushers after being crushed in a jaw crusher. The material was screened to obtain two fractions : coarser and finer than 2 ram. the milled form the material had a dark-gray color.Blocks of glass obtained in the furnace with graphite heaters were broken into lumps measuring 150-200 ram. The sandy skin was removed from the pieces by hand. In this case the waste sand and glass amounted to about 15% each. The residues of the skin remained on some of the lumps. The cleaned pieces were additionally ground, milled, and screened to obtain the same fractions as in the first case.It should be mentioned that the crushing of the lumps of glass was a slower process than for the tubes and rods. It can therefore be supposed that the wear of the metal parts of the crushers and the contamination of the raw materials will be greater. Powder from the lumps of glass had a gray color with rose-yellow shades.The grain-size composition of the powder from both types of glass was as follows: 3%, fractions coarser than 2 mm; 80%, 2-0.8 ram; and 17%, finer than 0.8 ram.Both forms of material were separately ground in similar conditions using the fraction-range method. In this case a 100 liter ball mill was charged with 21 kg of powder, 6.8 liters of water, and 40 kg of uralite balls. Milling lasted 22 h; the content of fractions plus 0.06 mm in the sample was 0.2%. Then a further 10 kg of powder was added to the milled material, and milling continued for 10 h to a concentration of the same fractions of 15%. The moisture content of the slip wa...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.