The study of specimens of Circoniscus Pearse 1917 from Brazil resulted in the establishment of three new species: C. intermedius n. sp., C. incisus n. sp. and C. gracilidens n. sp. herein described. C. gaigei Pearse 1917, type-species, and C. bezzii Arcangeli 1931 are redescribed. An emended diagnosis is given for Circoniscus, and a key to the species is provided. The distribution of the eight species of Circoniscus is illustrated on a map.
The present article discusses the challenges that must be met to achieve universal access to water and sewer services in Brazil. First, the principles concerning the topic in Brazilian law are presented, as well as theoretical aspects including concepts relating to universalization and the standards of service employed. The main challenges for the universalization of water and sewer services in Brazil include the definition and establishment of public policies and designation of responsibility for the provision and regulation of these services. Despite the significant amount of resources available for universalization in Brazil, institutional issues in this sector hinder the broadening of the coverage, inhibiting the investments in sanitation infrastructure.
Summary — Seventeen colonies of bees were used in a test of honey production in a coffee plantation in Costa Rica. The identities of the colonies were not known at the beginning of the experiment. Behavioral
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