Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn has been reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects. Subchronic effects of calyces aqueous extracts of H. Sabdariffa were studied in albino rats. Twenty four (24) albino rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of four rats each. Group A, was fed with growers mesh and distilled water as control. Groups B to F were administered orally with the aqueous extract at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g /kg body weight respectively and the treatment period was 28 days. A decreased in weights of the animals were observed at all dose levels. The activities of liver maker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and direct bilirubin increased significantly (p<0.05) in comparison to the control. However, non significant (p>0.05) increase in concentrations of total protein and albumin were observed in comparison to the control. The renal indices, urea, uric acid and creatinine in the treated groups were significantly increased compared to the control but a significant decrease (p<0.001) in sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) were noted in comparison to the control. Although the results revealed a dose dependant variation in the liver and renal indices, nonetheless these results suggest that high dose of calyx extracts of H.sabdariffa may be toxic to liver and kidney.
The present study aimed at synthesizing copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of mixed ascorbic acid and nicotinamide and physiochemically characterize by solubility test, melting point, conductivity test, infrared, electronic and proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The result of the physiochemical studies indicated 1:1 stoichiometry and were supported by the spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activities of the mixed complexes were carried out against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillum, spp Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The result of the infrared data showed that ascorbic acid coordinates through the oxygen of the carbonyl group and that of enolic C-2 hydroxyl group, while nicotinamide coordinates through the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring. The result of the antimicrobial studies showed that the mixed complexes have higher inhibitory activity than the original ligands against the tested bacteria and fungi species.
The effect of oral daily administration for twenty eight (28) days of stem bark aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and on the level of serum total bilirubin and total protein were investigated using Albino rats in three dose levels (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight) plus a group serving as control. The result obtained indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin level in comparison with control. However, significant (p<0.05) decrease was observed in the level of total protein in comparison to control. The result indicated that the aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis may possess toxic potential, at the dose levels studied.
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