The present study aimed to identify the phytochemicals of methanolic extract from Baccharis glutinosa (chilca) roots (MEBg) and to evaluate its antifungal activity on two major fungal pathogens of agricultural importance. The antifungal activity was evaluated by inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and % sporulation against A. ochraceus and F. moniliforme. As-1 a preliminary test, inhibition halo was tested using 1, 10, 100 and 270 mg ml of MEBg. Different concentrations of MEBg were applied for MIC and MFC tests. Ketoconazole was used as positive control. The treatments were applied in triplicate. The phytochemical compounds of MEBg were determined by GC-MS analysis. The MEBg produced an inhibition zone of 2 to 4 mm in the inhibition halo test, with concentrations-1 of 100 and 270 mg ml for A. ochraceus and F. moniliforme, respectively. Reduction in % sporulation above-1 50 was shown in concentrations over 8 mg ml. MEBg were reported to exhibit antifungal activities against A.-1 ochraceus and F. moniliforme with the MIC values ranging from 2 to 5.6 mg•ml and the MFC from 12 to 15-1 mg ml. GC-MS analysis of Chilca extracts revealed that the most abundant metabolites were furfural compounds and organic acids. The most abundant furfural compounds were 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2carbaldehyde (38.59%), furan-2-carbaldehyde (4.103%) and 5-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde (2.1%). The MEBg revealed efficient antifungal activity, likely due to the presence of bioactive compounds, which could be used as an alternative for biological control of pathogenic fungi in maize and coffee crops.
Hemileia vastatrix is a fungus associated with coffee leaf rust, the most destructive disease of Coffea arabica. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts from roots of Baccharis salicina and to determine the metabolites present in these fractions. Antifungal activity was evaluated under in vitro conditions by monitoring the germination ability of H. vastatrix, the coffee leaf rust pathogen. In order to determine the presence of metabolites, chemical characterization of fractions obtained from methanolic root extracts was performed with help of an untargeted metabolomic approach and by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 based on direct-injection electrospray mass spectrometry (DIESI-MS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Germination percentage was evaluated by leaves fixation technique. The MEBs significantly decreased the percentage of germination of H. vastatrix to levels below 5% as the dose increased. The multivariable analysis confirmed that the distribution of three fractions of methanolic extracts belonged to polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, fatty acyls, prenol-lipids, organo-oxygen and farnesene classes. This report comprises the first study of the metabolomic profile and biological activity study of roots from B. salicina against coffee leaf rust pathogen H. vastatrix. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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