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"This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Biofuels on 03/08/2015, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/17597269.2015.1065589Efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass requires pretreatment in order to liberate cellulose from lignin and disrupt its recalcitrant crystalline structure before effective enzymatic hydrolysis can take place. Three different pretreatment methods (pressure cooking with dilute alkali and dilute acid as well as alkaline extraction) to recover the xylooligosaccharides fraction from five different grass silage samples, whole crop rye silage and maize silage were compared. The predominant end products released were xylobiose, xylotetraose, xylopentaose and xylohexaose whereas the xylooligosaccharides release pattern differed with the substrate. Maximum values of xylooligosaccharides was found for grass silage 17.26 g/L, whole crop rye silage 3.06 g/L and for maize silage 5.77 g/L. Results reveal the production of high value by-products from agricultural biomass. Advantages of the green-biorefinery concept include a resulting liquid fraction after pretreatment with very low contents of inhibitors such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and phenolic compounds. Document embargo 03/08/2016.authorsversionPeer reviewe

Five yeast morphotypes were isolated from biogas reactors at North Wyke Research, Okehampton, UK. Out of the five morphotypes, four were identified as known species. In contrast, the fifth morphotype strain, Bio10(T), was found to differ from Bullera dendrophila and Kwoniella mangroviensis, its closest phylogenetic neighbours, by 2.6-2.9% with respect to the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and by 5.6-6.2% with respect to the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 region. Bio10(T) also differs from these two species by a number of phenotypic characteristics. Thus, based on the phenotypic differences and phylogenetic analysis, strain Bio10(T) is assigned the status of a new species of Cryptococcus, for which the name Cryptococcus shivajii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Bio10(T) (NCYC 3541(T) = CBS 11374(T)).

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