Cryptococcus shivajii sp. nov.: A Novel Basidiomycetous Yeast Isolated from Biogas Reactor

Rao, R. Srinivasa; James, Stephen A.; Bond, Christopher J.; Roberts, Ian N.; Cross, Kathryn; Retter, A. L.; Hobbs, P. J.

doi:10.1007/s00284-009-9493-9

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Earlier studies by Ravella et al . () showed that a laboratory‐scale biogas reactor is an appropriate habitat for fungi as viable strains of different yeasts could be isolated under aerobic conditions. The origin of the fungal cells found in the present study remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of a biogas-producing bacterial, archaeal and fungal community degrading food residues

Bengelsdorf

Gerischer

Langer

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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The resident microbiota was analyzed in a mesophilic, continuously operating biogas plant predominantly utilizing food residues, stale bread, and other waste cosubstrates together with pig manure and maize silage. The dominating bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic community members were characterized by two different 16S/18S rRNA gene culture-independent approaches. Prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene and eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed and further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The most dominant bacteria belonged to the phyla Bacteriodetes, Chloroflexus, and Firmicutes. On the family level, the bacterial composition confirmed high differences among biogas plants studied so fare. In contrast, the methanogenic archaeal community was similar to that of other studied biogas plants. Furthermore, it was possible to identify fungi at the genus level, namely Saccharomyces and Mucor. Both genera, which are important for microbial degradation of complex compounds, were up to now not found in biogas plants. The results revealed their long-term presence as indicated by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE method confirmed that the main members of the microbial community were constantly present over more than one-year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of a biogas-producing bacterial, archaeal and fungal community degrading food residues

Bengelsdorf

Gerischer

Langer

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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“…Furthermore, the eukaryotic community dominated by fungi did not change, and the fungi remained present over the time period of 1 year [19]. Also, Ravella et al [33] demonstrated that a laboratory biogas reactor is a suitable habitat for fungi, and the authors were able to isolate different viable fungal strains.…”

Section: Role Of Fungi In Biogas Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fungi open new possibilities for anaerobic fermentation of organic residues

2014

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Background: Large amounts of fibre-rich organic waste material from public green and private gardens have to be treated environmentally friendly; however, this fibre-rich biomass has low biogas yields. This study investigated the presence of fungi in full-scale biogas plants as well as in laboratory reactors and elucidated the importance of fungi for the biogas process. Methods: The dominating members of the eukaryotic community were identified by analyzing 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region fragments of clone libraries. These identifications were accompanied by diverse microscopic techniques such as fluorescence microscopy and conventional scanning electron microscopy. Results: Cells of presumably fungal origin were characterized by intensive fluorescence and were about 1 order of magnitude larger than prokaryotic cells. Molecular techniques enabled to identify fungi from the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Pezizomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Saccharomycotina and from the class Neocallimastigomycetes. Members of these groups can be important for microbial degradation of complex compounds, due to the ability to penetrate cell walls, and thus open the cells for the influx of bacteria, further enhancing degradation.

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“…We thus selected genetically distinct strains or those from different samples or geographic origins for the MLST analysis. We also included in the MLST analysis the taxa studied by Findley et al (14) but added two recently described species in the Kwoniella clade: Cryptococcus pinus (30), including the type strain as well as a recent isolate from insect larvae in Belgium (MUCL 53261; see Table S1 in the supplemental material), and Cryptococcus shivajii (31). Tremella mesenterica served as an outgroup for the analysis.…”

Section: Mating Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Genetic Evidence for a Tetrapolar Mating System in the Basidiomycetous Yeast Kwoniella mangrovensis and Two Novel Sibling Species

et al. 2013

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b Kwoniella mangrovensis has been described as a sexual species with a bipolar mating system. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes places this species together with Kwoniella heveanensis in the Kwoniella clade, a sister clade to that containing two pathogenic species of global importance, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, within the Tremellales. Recent studies defining the mating type loci (MAT) of species in these clades showed that, with the exception of C. neoformans and C. gattii, which are bipolar with a single biallelic multigene MAT locus, several other species feature a tetrapolar mating system with two unlinked loci (homeodomain [HD] and pheromone/receptor [P/R] loci). We characterized several strains from the original study describing K. mangrovensis; two MAT regions were amplified and sequenced: the STE20 gene (P/R locus) and the divergently transcribed SXI1 and SXI2 genes (HD locus). We identified five different mating types with different STE20/SXI allele combinations that together with results of mating experiments demonstrate that K. mangrovensis is not bipolar but instead has a tetrapolar mating system. Sequence and gene analysis for a 43-kb segment of the K. mangrovensis type strain MAT locus revealed remarkable synteny with the homologous K. heveanensis MAT P/R region, providing new insights into slower evolution of MAT loci in the Kwoniella compared to the Cryptococcus clade of the Tremellales. The study of additional isolates from plant substrates in Europe and Botswana using a combination of multilocus sequencing with MAT gene analysis revealed two novel sibling species that we name Kwoniella europaea and Kwoniella botswanensis and which appear to also have tetrapolar mating systems. Fungal mating-type loci (MAT) are specialized regions of the genome that determine sexual identity of haploid cells and progression through the sexual cycle (1). There is considerable interest in the genetic characterization of MAT loci due to their central role in fungal life cycles, their connection to lifestyle and virulence (viz., in human or plant-pathogenic taxa), and the impact of sexual recombination on population genetics and speciation. The discovery of remarkable convergence in the structure of sex-determining genomic regions from studies in animals, plants, and fungi illuminates the forces that shape the evolutionary trajectories of MAT loci or sex chromosomes in eukaryotes (2).In basidiomycetes, two major types of MAT loci have so far been recognized (3). The tetrapolar mating system of the corn smut Ustilago maydis or the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea is governed by two small (Ͻ10-kb) unlinked loci: one encodes members of the homeodomain (HD) family of transcription factors, which heterodimerize upon mating to generate an active transcription regulator (HD locus), and the other encodes lipopeptide pheromone precursors and 7-transmembrane pheromone receptors that mediate intercellular signaling (P/R locus). Alleles at both loci must differ for mating to occur, and in many cases each...

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Cryptococcus shivajii sp. nov.: A Novel Basidiomycetous Yeast Isolated from Biogas Reactor

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Stability of a biogas-producing bacterial, archaeal and fungal community degrading food residues

Stability of a biogas-producing bacterial, archaeal and fungal community degrading food residues

Fungi open new possibilities for anaerobic fermentation of organic residues

Molecular and Genetic Evidence for a Tetrapolar Mating System in the Basidiomycetous Yeast Kwoniella mangrovensis and Two Novel Sibling Species

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