Introduction
Dental caries is a ubiquitous bacterial infection that has afflicted people for years.
Streptococci mutans
(
S. mutans
) are markers of dental caries and the population of
S. mutans
in the saliva is directly related to the number of surfaces colonized by them. Any intervention that can inhibit their growth and survival will negatively impact the initiation and progress of caries. Various antimicrobial agents have been tested against these microorganisms. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of cocoa bean husk, ginger, and chlorhexidine mouth rinse on
S. mutans
and Lactobacillus.
Materials and methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving patients aged 18 to 25 years from July to September 2018. The study population was allocated into three groups. Each group received either cocoa bean, ginger, or chlorhexidine mouth rinses. The study followed a Latin square design. Study participants were instructed to use the assigned mouth rinse once daily for seven days. We collected saliva samples to measure
S. mutans
and Lactobacillus populations.
Results
Cocoa bean husk and chlorhexidine rinses produced a significant reduction of
S. mutans
(p < 0.05). The ginger-based rinse significantly reduced the Lactobacillus population (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our findings indicate these natural mouth rinses offer promising anticariogenic and antiplaque efficacy as cost-effective alternatives to traditional mouth rinses.
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology involved in heavy metal remediation processes. It is evident from the several researches that the bioamendments greatly influences various biochemical processes and thus enhance the bioavailability of metals in the contaminated soil. It should favour greater absorption (removal) of metals by plants. Therefore, a pot experiments was conducted to examine the bioavailability and subsequent uptake of Ni by marigold during the application of different biomendments such as Farmyard manure (FYM), Composted poultry manure, Pressmud compost and Prosopis wood biochar. The result of pot experiment has shown the potential of bioamendments in enhancing the bioavailability of Ni in soil. The bioamendment application also enhanced the Ni content in plants. A significant positive correlations were obtained between Ni uptake by plants and water soluble and exchangeable Ni in soil. This explains the role of bioavailability in plant uptake of Ni. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and enrichment factor (EF) were less than one but the translocation factor (TF) was greater than one in plants grown on soil amended with bioamendments. Marigold showed greater potential in tolerating and accumulating higher concentration Ni and therefore it could be integrated along with bioamendments for phytoextraction of Ni from contaminated soil.
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