No abstract

Holistic methods, such as biocrystallization and capillary dynamolysis, can be used to confirm differences in chemical composition between organic and conventionally produced milk. The utilization of such methods is complementary to other quality assurance methods and demonstrates a complex aspect of food quality. In this study, biocrystallization was used as a method for distinguishing between organic and conventionally produced pasteurized milk, demonstrating how the differences in the dairy cow feeding regime can affect milk properties. The biocrystallization was performed by means of copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl 2 *2H 2 O). The biocrystallization patterns obtained from the conventional and organic milk samples were readily distinguished. A significant indication of differences was the emergence of degradation features in the biocrystallization patterns. While degradation features do not appear in organic milk, conventional milk showed clear indications of degradation, although the compound analysis of the two milks indicated no differences. From the morphological perspective, the biocrystallization patterns of organic milk have fared better according to all criteria. The results of the fatty acid analysis in milk from conventional and certified organic farms showed a greater content of beneficial fatty acids in organic milk: oleic (P<0.05), linoleic and linolenic (P<0.01). The analysis of animal feed indicated a higher content of cellulose, i.e. acid detergent fibers (ADF), and a lower content of neutral detergent fibers (NDF) in the organic animal feed. It was concluded that the method of copper chloride biocrystallization can determine the differences between pasteurized conventional and organic milk, which is greatly important in assuring the consumers of the milk origin, since the organic chain implies the increased quality control of soil, animal feed, animals and final dairy products with added value.

SažetakSelekcija na visok intenzitet porasta tjelesne mase pilića dovela je do značajnog skraćenja dužine tova i smanjenja utroška hrane za kilogram prirasta. To je, međutim, dovelo do disproporcije između porasta tjelesne mase i skeleta, jer porast skeleta zaostaje za tjelesnom masom, a što može dovesti do loma kostiju i značajnih ekonomskih gubitaka. U ovome eksperimentu iz hrane su isključivani dodaci vitamini i mikroelementa, koji su pored ostalog, odgovorni i za pravilan razvoj kostiju. Zbog svega toga praćena je čvrstina goljenične kosti pilića. Isključivanje vitaminskih dodataka ili vitaminsko-mineralnih dodataka u trajanju od 12 i 8 dana prije kraja tova je imalo negativne posljedice na čvrstoću kostiju kod pilića. Isključivanje ovih dodataka u trajanju od četiri dana nije se statistički značajno razlikovalo od kontrolne grupe, što bi značilo da se ovi dodaci mogu isključiti četiri dana prije kraja tova bez negativnih posljedica na čvrtsinu kosti, što svakako treba biti predmet daljih istraživanja.Ključne riječi: brojler, mikronutrienti, skelet Uvod Selekcija na intenzivan porast tjelesne mase brojlera, uz smanjenje utroška hrane za kilogram prirasta dovela je do značajnog skraćenja perioda tova na kraće od šest sedmica, sa tendencijom još daljeg skraćivanja.